feat: BlockchainTree (#1212)

Co-authored-by: Dragan Rakita <draganrakita@192.168.1.4>

Cargo.lock

@@ -4598,9 +4598,11 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "reth-executor"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "aquamarine",
  "async-trait",
  "auto_impl",
  "hash-db",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "plain_hasher",
  "reth-db",
  "reth-interfaces",

bin/reth/src/args/network_args.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use reth_net_nat::NatResolver;
 use reth_network::NetworkConfigBuilder;
 use reth_primitives::{ChainSpec, NodeRecord};
 use reth_staged_sync::Config;
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::{path::PathBuf, sync::Arc};
 
 /// Parameters for configuring the network more granularity via CLI
 #[derive(Debug, Args)]
@@ -50,7 +50,11 @@ pub struct NetworkArgs {
 impl NetworkArgs {
     /// Build a [`NetworkConfigBuilder`] from a [`Config`] and a [`ChainSpec`], in addition to the
     /// values in this option struct.
-    pub fn network_config(&self, config: &Config, chain_spec: ChainSpec) -> NetworkConfigBuilder {
+    pub fn network_config(
+        &self,
+        config: &Config,
+        chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>,
+    ) -> NetworkConfigBuilder {
         let peers_file = (!self.no_persist_peers).then_some(&self.peers_file);
         let network_config_builder = config
             .network_config(self.nat, peers_file.map(|f| f.as_ref().to_path_buf()))

bin/reth/src/chain/import.rs

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ pub struct ImportCommand {
         default_value = "mainnet",
         value_parser = genesis_value_parser
     )]
-    chain: ChainSpec,
+    chain: Arc<ChainSpec>,
 
     /// The path to a block file for import.
     ///
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ impl ImportCommand {
             .build(file_client.clone(), consensus.clone(), db)
             .into_task();
 
-        let factory = reth_executor::Factory::new(Arc::new(self.chain.clone()));
+        let factory = reth_executor::Factory::new(self.chain.clone());
 
         let mut pipeline = Pipeline::builder()
             .with_sync_state_updater(file_client)

bin/reth/src/chain/init.rs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub struct InitCommand {
         default_value = "mainnet",
         value_parser = genesis_value_parser
     )]
-    chain: ChainSpec,
+    chain: Arc<ChainSpec>,
 }
 
 impl InitCommand {

bin/reth/src/db/mod.rs

@@ -207,8 +207,8 @@ impl<'a, DB: Database> DbTool<'a, DB> {
         let chain = random_block_range(0..len, Default::default(), 0..64);
 
         self.db.update(|tx| {
-            chain.iter().try_for_each(|block| {
+            chain.into_iter().try_for_each(|block| {
-                insert_canonical_block(tx, block, true)?;
+                insert_canonical_block(tx, block, None, true)?;
                 Ok::<_, eyre::Error>(())
             })
         })??;

bin/reth/src/node/mod.rs

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ pub struct Command {
         default_value = "mainnet",
         value_parser = genesis_value_parser
     )]
-    chain: ChainSpec,
+    chain: Arc<ChainSpec>,
 
     /// Enable Prometheus metrics.
     ///
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ impl Command {
             builder = builder.with_max_block(max_block)
         }
 
-        let factory = reth_executor::Factory::new(Arc::new(self.chain.clone()));
+        let factory = reth_executor::Factory::new(self.chain.clone());
         let pipeline = builder
             .with_sync_state_updater(updater.clone())
             .add_stages(

bin/reth/src/p2p/mod.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub struct Command {
         default_value = "mainnet",
         value_parser = chain_spec_value_parser
     )]
-    chain: ChainSpec,
+    chain: Arc<ChainSpec>,
 
     /// Disable the discovery service.
     #[command(flatten)]

bin/reth/src/stage/mod.rs

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub struct Command {
         default_value = "mainnet",
         value_parser = chain_spec_value_parser
     )]
-    chain: ChainSpec,
+    chain: Arc<ChainSpec>,
 
     /// Enable Prometheus metrics.
     ///
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ impl Command {
                 stage.execute(&mut tx, input).await?;
             }
             StageEnum::Execution => {
-                let factory = reth_executor::Factory::new(Arc::new(self.chain.clone()));
+                let factory = reth_executor::Factory::new(self.chain.clone());
                 let mut stage = ExecutionStage::new(factory, 10_000);
                 stage.commit_threshold = num_blocks;
                 if !self.skip_unwind {

bin/reth/src/test_eth_chain/runner.rs

@@ -140,13 +140,13 @@ pub async fn run_test(path: PathBuf) -> eyre::Result<TestOutcome> {
         // insert genesis
         let header: SealedHeader = suite.genesis_block_header.into();
         let genesis_block = SealedBlock { header, body: vec![], ommers: vec![], withdrawals: None };
-        reth_provider::insert_canonical_block(&tx, &genesis_block, has_block_reward)?;
+        reth_provider::insert_canonical_block(&tx, genesis_block, None, has_block_reward)?;
 
         let mut last_block = None;
         suite.blocks.iter().try_for_each(|block| -> eyre::Result<()> {
             let decoded = SealedBlock::decode(&mut block.rlp.as_ref())?;
-            reth_provider::insert_canonical_block(&tx, &decoded, has_block_reward)?;
             last_block = Some(decoded.number);
+            reth_provider::insert_canonical_block(&tx, decoded, None, has_block_reward)?;
             Ok(())
         })?;
 

crates/consensus/src/beacon/beacon_consensus.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 //! Consensus for ethereum network
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use crate::validation;
 use reth_interfaces::consensus::{Consensus, ConsensusError, ForkchoiceState};
 use reth_primitives::{ChainSpec, Hardfork, SealedBlock, SealedHeader, EMPTY_OMMER_ROOT, U256};
@@ -15,13 +17,13 @@ pub struct BeaconConsensus {
     /// Watcher over the forkchoice state
     forkchoice_state_rx: watch::Receiver<ForkchoiceState>,
     /// Configuration
-    chain_spec: ChainSpec,
+    chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>,
 }
 
 impl BeaconConsensus {
     /// Create a new instance of [BeaconConsensus]
     pub fn new(
-        chain_spec: ChainSpec,
+        chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>,
         forkchoice_state_rx: watch::Receiver<ForkchoiceState>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self { chain_spec, forkchoice_state_rx }
@@ -92,14 +94,14 @@ impl Consensus for BeaconConsensus {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
+    use super::BeaconConsensus;
     use reth_interfaces::consensus::Consensus;
     use reth_primitives::{ChainSpecBuilder, U256};
-
+    use std::sync::Arc;
-    use super::BeaconConsensus;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_has_block_reward_before_paris() {
-        let chain_spec = ChainSpecBuilder::mainnet().build();
+        let chain_spec = Arc::new(ChainSpecBuilder::mainnet().build());
         let (consensus, _) = BeaconConsensus::builder().build(chain_spec);
         assert!(consensus.has_block_reward(U256::ZERO, U256::ZERO));
     }

crates/consensus/src/beacon/builder.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ impl BeaconConsensusBuilder {
     /// [watch::channel] for updating the forkchoice state.
     pub fn build(
         self,
-        chain_spec: ChainSpec,
+        chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>,
     ) -> (Arc<BeaconConsensus>, watch::Sender<ForkchoiceState>) {
         let (forkchoice_state_tx, forkchoice_state_rx) = watch::channel(ForkchoiceState::default());
         let inner = Arc::new(BeaconConsensus::new(chain_spec, forkchoice_state_rx));

crates/executor/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@ license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth"
 readme = "README.md"
 
+[package.metadata.cargo-udeps.ignore]
+normal = [
+    # Used for diagrams in docs
+    "aquamarine",
+]
+
 [dependencies]
 # reth 
 reth-primitives = { path = "../primitives" }
@@ -17,7 +23,7 @@ reth-db = { path = "../storage/db" }
 reth-provider = { path = "../storage/provider" }
 
 # revm
-revm = { version = "3.0.0"}
+revm = { version = "3.0.0" }
 
 # common
 async-trait = "0.1.57"
@@ -26,6 +32,9 @@ auto_impl = "1.0"
 tracing = "0.1.37"
 tokio = { version = "1.21.2", features = ["sync"] }
 
+# mics
+aquamarine = "0.2.1" #docs
+
 triehash = "0.8"
 # See to replace hashers to simplify libraries
 plain_hasher = "0.2"
@@ -38,3 +47,7 @@ sha3 = { version = "0.10", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 reth-db = { path = "../storage/db", features = ["test-utils"] }
+reth-interfaces = { path = "../interfaces", features = ["test-utils"] }
+reth-primitives = { path = "../primitives", features = ["test-utils"] }
+reth-provider = { path = "../storage/provider", features = ["test-utils"]  }
+parking_lot = "0.12"

crates/executor/src/blockchain_tree/block_indices.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+//! Implementation of [`BlockIndices`] related to [`super::BlockchainTree`]
+
+use super::chain::{BlockChainId, Chain, ForkBlock};
+use reth_primitives::{BlockHash, BlockNumber, SealedBlockWithSenders};
+use std::collections::{hash_map::Entry, BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet};
+
+/// Internal indices of the blocks and chains.  This is main connection
+/// between blocks, chains and canonical chain.
+///
+/// It contains list of canonical block hashes, forks to childs blocks
+/// and block hash to chain id.
+pub struct BlockIndices {
+    /// Last finalized block.
+    last_finalized_block: BlockNumber,
+    /// For EVM's "BLOCKHASH" opcode we require last 256 block hashes. So we need to specify
+    /// at least `additional_canonical_block_hashes`+`max_reorg_depth`, for eth that would be
+    /// 256+64.
+    num_of_additional_canonical_block_hashes: u64,
+    /// Canonical chain. Contains N number (depends on `finalization_depth`) of blocks.
+    /// These blocks are found in fork_to_child but not inside `blocks_to_chain` or
+    /// `number_to_block` as those are chain specific indices.
+    canonical_chain: BTreeMap<BlockNumber, BlockHash>,
+    /// Index needed when discarding the chain, so we can remove connected chains from tree.
+    /// NOTE: It contains just a blocks that are forks as a key and not all blocks.
+    fork_to_child: HashMap<BlockHash, HashSet<BlockHash>>,
+    /// Block hashes and side chain they belong
+    blocks_to_chain: HashMap<BlockHash, BlockChainId>,
+    /// Utility index. Block number to block hash. Can be used for
+    /// RPC to fetch all pending block in chain by its number.
+    index_number_to_block: HashMap<BlockNumber, HashSet<BlockHash>>,
+}
+
+impl BlockIndices {
+    /// Create new block indices structure
+    pub fn new(
+        last_finalized_block: BlockNumber,
+        num_of_additional_canonical_block_hashes: u64,
+        canonical_chain: BTreeMap<BlockNumber, BlockHash>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            last_finalized_block,
+            num_of_additional_canonical_block_hashes,
+            fork_to_child: Default::default(),
+            canonical_chain,
+            blocks_to_chain: Default::default(),
+            index_number_to_block: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return number of additional canonical block hashes that we need
+    /// to have to be able to have enought information for EVM execution.
+    pub fn num_of_additional_canonical_block_hashes(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.num_of_additional_canonical_block_hashes
+    }
+
+    /// Return fork to child indices
+    pub fn fork_to_child(&self) -> &HashMap<BlockHash, HashSet<BlockHash>> {
+        &self.fork_to_child
+    }
+
+    /// Return block to chain id
+    pub fn blocks_to_chain(&self) -> &HashMap<BlockHash, BlockChainId> {
+        &self.blocks_to_chain
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the Tree knowns the block hash.
+    pub fn contains_pending_block_hash(&self, block_hash: BlockHash) -> bool {
+        self.blocks_to_chain.contains_key(&block_hash)
+    }
+
+    /// Check if block hash belongs to canonical chain.
+    pub fn is_block_hash_canonical(&self, block_hash: &BlockHash) -> bool {
+        self.canonical_chain.range(self.last_finalized_block..).any(|(_, &h)| h == *block_hash)
+    }
+
+    /// Last finalized block
+    pub fn last_finalized_block(&self) -> BlockNumber {
+        self.last_finalized_block
+    }
+
+    /// Insert non fork block.
+    pub fn insert_non_fork_block(
+        &mut self,
+        block_number: BlockNumber,
+        block_hash: BlockHash,
+        chain_id: BlockChainId,
+    ) {
+        self.index_number_to_block.entry(block_number).or_default().insert(block_hash);
+        self.blocks_to_chain.insert(block_hash, chain_id);
+    }
+
+    /// Insert block to chain and fork child indices of the new chain
+    pub fn insert_chain(&mut self, chain_id: BlockChainId, chain: &Chain) {
+        for (number, block) in chain.blocks().iter() {
+            // add block -> chain_id index
+            self.blocks_to_chain.insert(block.hash(), chain_id);
+            // add number -> block
+            self.index_number_to_block.entry(*number).or_default().insert(block.hash());
+        }
+        let first = chain.first();
+        // add parent block -> block index
+        self.fork_to_child.entry(first.parent_hash).or_default().insert(first.hash());
+    }
+
+    /// Get the chain ID the block belongs to
+    pub fn get_blocks_chain_id(&self, block: &BlockHash) -> Option<BlockChainId> {
+        self.blocks_to_chain.get(block).cloned()
+    }
+
+    /// Update all block hashes. iterate over present and new list of canonical hashes and compare
+    /// them. Remove all missmatches, disconnect them and return all chains that needs to be
+    /// removed.
+    pub fn update_block_hashes(
+        &mut self,
+        hashes: BTreeMap<u64, BlockHash>,
+    ) -> BTreeSet<BlockChainId> {
+        let mut new_hashes = hashes.iter();
+        let mut old_hashes = self.canonical_chain().clone().into_iter();
+
+        let mut remove = Vec::new();
+
+        let mut new_hash = new_hashes.next();
+        let mut old_hash = old_hashes.next();
+
+        loop {
+            let Some(old_block_value) = old_hash else {
+                // end of old_hashes canonical chain. New chain has more block then old chain.
+                break
+            };
+            let Some(new_block_value) = new_hash else  {
+                // Old canonical chain had more block than new chain.
+                // remove all present block.
+                // this is mostly not going to happen as reorg should make new chain in Tree.
+                while let Some(rem) = old_hash {
+                    remove.push(rem);
+                    old_hash = old_hashes.next();
+                }
+                break;
+            };
+            // compare old and new canonical block number
+            match new_block_value.0.cmp(&old_block_value.0) {
+                std::cmp::Ordering::Less => {
+                    // new chain has more past blocks than old chain
+                    new_hash = new_hashes.next();
+                }
+                std::cmp::Ordering::Equal => {
+                    if *new_block_value.1 != old_block_value.1 {
+                        // remove block hash as it is different
+                        remove.push(old_block_value);
+                    }
+                    new_hash = new_hashes.next();
+                    old_hash = old_hashes.next();
+                }
+                std::cmp::Ordering::Greater => {
+                    // old chain has more past blocks that new chain
+                    remove.push(old_block_value);
+                    old_hash = old_hashes.next()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        self.canonical_chain = hashes;
+
+        remove.into_iter().fold(BTreeSet::new(), |mut fold, (number, hash)| {
+            fold.extend(self.remove_block(number, hash));
+            fold
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Remove chain from indices and return dependent chains that needs to be removed.
+    /// Does the cleaning of the tree and removing blocks from the chain.
+    pub fn remove_chain(&mut self, chain: &Chain) -> BTreeSet<BlockChainId> {
+        let mut lose_chains = BTreeSet::new();
+        for (block_number, block) in chain.blocks().iter() {
+            let block_hash = block.hash();
+            lose_chains.extend(self.remove_block(*block_number, block_hash))
+        }
+        lose_chains
+    }
+
+    /// Remove Blocks from indices.
+    fn remove_block(
+        &mut self,
+        block_number: BlockNumber,
+        block_hash: BlockHash,
+    ) -> BTreeSet<BlockChainId> {
+        // rm number -> block
+        if let Entry::Occupied(mut entry) = self.index_number_to_block.entry(block_number) {
+            let set = entry.get_mut();
+            set.remove(&block_hash);
+            // remove set if empty
+            if set.is_empty() {
+                entry.remove();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // rm block -> chain_id
+        self.blocks_to_chain.remove(&block_hash);
+
+        // rm fork -> child
+        let removed_fork = self.fork_to_child.remove(&block_hash);
+        removed_fork
+            .map(|fork_blocks| {
+                fork_blocks
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .filter_map(|fork_child| self.blocks_to_chain.remove(&fork_child))
+                    .collect()
+            })
+            .unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+
+    /// Remove all blocks from canonical list and insert new blocks to it.
+    ///
+    /// It is assumed that blocks are interconnected and that they connect to canonical chain
+    pub fn canonicalize_blocks(&mut self, blocks: &BTreeMap<BlockNumber, SealedBlockWithSenders>) {
+        if blocks.is_empty() {
+            return
+        }
+
+        // Remove all blocks from canonical chain
+        let first_number = *blocks.first_key_value().unwrap().0;
+
+        // this will remove all blocks numbers that are going to be replaced.
+        self.canonical_chain.retain(|num, _| *num < first_number);
+
+        // remove them from block to chain_id index
+        blocks.iter().map(|(_, b)| (b.number, b.hash(), b.parent_hash)).for_each(
+            |(number, hash, parent_hash)| {
+                // rm block -> chain_id
+                self.blocks_to_chain.remove(&hash);
+
+                // rm number -> block
+                if let Entry::Occupied(mut entry) = self.index_number_to_block.entry(number) {
+                    let set = entry.get_mut();
+                    set.remove(&hash);
+                    // remove set if empty
+                    if set.is_empty() {
+                        entry.remove();
+                    }
+                }
+                // rm fork block -> hash
+                if let Entry::Occupied(mut entry) = self.fork_to_child.entry(parent_hash) {
+                    let set = entry.get_mut();
+                    set.remove(&hash);
+                    // remove set if empty
+                    if set.is_empty() {
+                        entry.remove();
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+        );
+
+        // insert new canonical
+        self.canonical_chain.extend(blocks.iter().map(|(number, block)| (*number, block.hash())))
+    }
+
+    /// Used for finalization of block.
+    /// Return list of chains for removal that depend on finalized canonical chain.
+    pub fn finalize_canonical_blocks(
+        &mut self,
+        finalized_block: BlockNumber,
+    ) -> BTreeSet<BlockChainId> {
+        // get finalized chains. blocks between [self.last_finalized,finalized_block).
+        // Dont remove finalized_block, as sidechain can point to it.
+        let finalized_blocks: Vec<BlockHash> = self
+            .canonical_chain
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(&number, _)| number >= self.last_finalized_block && number < finalized_block)
+            .map(|(_, hash)| *hash)
+            .collect();
+
+        // remove unneeded canonical hashes.
+        let remove_until =
+            finalized_block.saturating_sub(self.num_of_additional_canonical_block_hashes);
+        self.canonical_chain.retain(|&number, _| number >= remove_until);
+
+        let mut lose_chains = BTreeSet::new();
+
+        for block_hash in finalized_blocks.into_iter() {
+            // there is a fork block.
+            if let Some(fork_blocks) = self.fork_to_child.remove(&block_hash) {
+                lose_chains = fork_blocks.into_iter().fold(lose_chains, |mut fold, fork_child| {
+                    if let Some(lose_chain) = self.blocks_to_chain.remove(&fork_child) {
+                        fold.insert(lose_chain);
+                    }
+                    fold
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        // set last finalized block.
+        self.last_finalized_block = finalized_block;
+
+        lose_chains
+    }
+
+    /// get canonical hash
+    pub fn canonical_hash(&self, block_number: &BlockNumber) -> Option<BlockHash> {
+        self.canonical_chain.get(block_number).cloned()
+    }
+
+    /// get canonical tip
+    pub fn canonical_tip(&self) -> ForkBlock {
+        let (&number, &hash) =
+            self.canonical_chain.last_key_value().expect("There is always the canonical chain");
+        ForkBlock { number, hash }
+    }
+
+    /// Canonical chain needs for execution of EVM. It should contains last 256 block hashes.
+    pub fn canonical_chain(&self) -> &BTreeMap<BlockNumber, BlockHash> {
+        &self.canonical_chain
+    }
+}

crates/executor/src/blockchain_tree/chain.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
+//! Handles substate and list of blocks.
+//! have functions to split, branch and append the chain.
+use crate::{
+    execution_result::ExecutionResult,
+    substate::{SubStateData, SubStateWithProvider},
+};
+use reth_interfaces::{consensus::Consensus, executor::Error as ExecError, Error};
+use reth_primitives::{BlockHash, BlockNumber, SealedBlockWithSenders, SealedHeader, U256};
+use reth_provider::{BlockExecutor, ExecutorFactory, StateProvider};
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+/// Internal to BlockchainTree chain identification.
+pub(crate) type BlockChainId = u64;
+
+/// Side chain that contain it state and connect to block found in canonical chain.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Chain {
+    /// Chain substate. Updated state after execution all blocks in chain.
+    substate: SubStateData,
+    /// Changesets for block and transaction. Will be used to update tables in database.
+    changesets: Vec<ExecutionResult>,
+    /// Blocks in this chain
+    blocks: BTreeMap<BlockNumber, SealedBlockWithSenders>,
+}
+
+/// Contains fork block and hash.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct ForkBlock {
+    /// Block number of block that chains branches from
+    pub number: u64,
+    /// Block hash of block that chains branches from
+    pub hash: BlockHash,
+}
+
+impl ForkBlock {
+    /// Return the number hash tuple.
+    pub fn num_hash(&self) -> (BlockNumber, BlockHash) {
+        (self.number, self.hash)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Chain {
+    /// Return blocks found in chain
+    pub fn blocks(&self) -> &BTreeMap<BlockNumber, SealedBlockWithSenders> {
+        &self.blocks
+    }
+
+    /// Into inner components
+    pub fn into_inner(
+        self,
+    ) -> (BTreeMap<BlockNumber, SealedBlockWithSenders>, Vec<ExecutionResult>, SubStateData) {
+        (self.blocks, self.changesets, self.substate)
+    }
+
+    /// Return execution results of blocks
+    pub fn changesets(&self) -> &Vec<ExecutionResult> {
+        &self.changesets
+    }
+
+    /// Return fork block number and hash.
+    pub fn fork_block(&self) -> ForkBlock {
+        let tip = self.first();
+        ForkBlock { number: tip.number.saturating_sub(1), hash: tip.parent_hash }
+    }
+
+    /// Block fork number
+    pub fn fork_block_number(&self) -> BlockNumber {
+        self.first().number.saturating_sub(1)
+    }
+
+    /// Block fork hash
+    pub fn fork_block_hash(&self) -> BlockHash {
+        self.first().parent_hash
+    }
+
+    /// First block in chain.
+    pub fn first(&self) -> &SealedBlockWithSenders {
+        self.blocks.first_key_value().expect("Chain has at least one block for first").1
+    }
+
+    /// Return tip of the chain. Chain always have at least one block inside
+    pub fn tip(&self) -> &SealedBlockWithSenders {
+        self.last()
+    }
+
+    /// Return tip of the chain. Chain always have at least one block inside
+    pub fn last(&self) -> &SealedBlockWithSenders {
+        self.blocks.last_key_value().expect("Chain has at least one block for last").1
+    }
+
+    /// Create new chain with given blocks and execution result.
+    pub fn new(blocks: Vec<(SealedBlockWithSenders, ExecutionResult)>) -> Self {
+        let (blocks, changesets): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = blocks.into_iter().unzip();
+
+        let blocks = blocks.into_iter().map(|b| (b.number, b)).collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
+
+        let mut substate = SubStateData::default();
+        substate.apply(&changesets);
+
+        Self { substate, changesets, blocks }
+    }
+
+    /// Create new chain that joins canonical block
+    /// If parent block is the tip mark chain fork.
+    pub fn new_canonical_fork<SP: StateProvider, C: Consensus, EF: ExecutorFactory>(
+        block: &SealedBlockWithSenders,
+        parent_header: &SealedHeader,
+        canonical_block_hashes: &BTreeMap<BlockNumber, BlockHash>,
+        provider: &SP,
+        consensus: &C,
+        factory: &EF,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        // substate
+        let substate = SubStateData::default();
+        let empty = BTreeMap::new();
+
+        let substate_with_sp =
+            SubStateWithProvider::new(&substate, provider, &empty, canonical_block_hashes);
+
+        let changeset = Self::validate_and_execute(
+            block.clone(),
+            parent_header,
+            substate_with_sp,
+            consensus,
+            factory,
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(Self::new(vec![(block.clone(), changeset)]))
+    }
+
+    /// Create new chain that branches out from existing side chain.
+    pub fn new_chain_fork<SP: StateProvider, C: Consensus, EF: ExecutorFactory>(
+        &self,
+        block: SealedBlockWithSenders,
+        side_chain_block_hashes: BTreeMap<BlockNumber, BlockHash>,
+        canonical_block_hashes: &BTreeMap<BlockNumber, BlockHash>,
+        provider: &SP,
+        consensus: &C,
+        factory: &EF,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        let parent_number = block.number - 1;
+        let parent = self
+            .blocks
+            .get(&parent_number)
+            .ok_or(ExecError::BlockNumberNotFoundInChain { block_number: parent_number })?;
+
+        // revert changesets
+        let revert_from = self.changesets.len() - (self.tip().number - parent.number) as usize;
+        let mut substate = self.substate.clone();
+
+        // Revert changesets to get the state of the parent that we need to apply the change.
+        substate.revert(&self.changesets[revert_from..]);
+
+        let substate_with_sp = SubStateWithProvider::new(
+            &substate,
+            provider,
+            &side_chain_block_hashes,
+            canonical_block_hashes,
+        );
+        let changeset = Self::validate_and_execute(
+            block.clone(),
+            parent,
+            substate_with_sp,
+            consensus,
+            factory,
+        )?;
+        substate.apply_one(&changeset);
+
+        let chain = Self {
+            substate,
+            changesets: vec![changeset],
+            blocks: BTreeMap::from([(block.number, block)]),
+        };
+
+        // if all is okay, return new chain back. Present chain is not modified.
+        Ok(chain)
+    }
+
+    /// Validate and execute block and return execution result or error.
+    fn validate_and_execute<SP: StateProvider, C: Consensus, EF: ExecutorFactory>(
+        block: SealedBlockWithSenders,
+        parent_block: &SealedHeader,
+        substate: SubStateWithProvider<'_, SP>,
+        consensus: &C,
+        factory: &EF,
+    ) -> Result<ExecutionResult, Error> {
+        consensus.validate_header(&block, U256::MAX)?;
+        consensus.pre_validate_header(&block, parent_block)?;
+        consensus.pre_validate_block(&block)?;
+
+        let (unseal, senders) = block.into_components();
+        let unseal = unseal.unseal();
+        let res = factory.with_sp(substate).execute_and_verify_receipt(
+            &unseal,
+            U256::MAX,
+            Some(senders),
+        )?;
+        Ok(res)
+    }
+
+    /// Append block to this chain
+    pub fn append_block<SP: StateProvider, C: Consensus, EF: ExecutorFactory>(
+        &mut self,
+        block: SealedBlockWithSenders,
+        side_chain_block_hashes: BTreeMap<BlockNumber, BlockHash>,
+        canonical_block_hashes: &BTreeMap<BlockNumber, BlockHash>,
+        provider: &SP,
+        consensus: &C,
+        factory: &EF,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let (_, parent_block) = self.blocks.last_key_value().expect("Chain has at least one block");
+
+        let changeset = Self::validate_and_execute(
+            block.clone(),
+            parent_block,
+            SubStateWithProvider::new(
+                &self.substate,
+                provider,
+                &side_chain_block_hashes,
+                canonical_block_hashes,
+            ),
+            consensus,
+            factory,
+        )?;
+        self.substate.apply_one(&changeset);
+        self.changesets.push(changeset);
+        self.blocks.insert(block.number, block);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Merge two chains into one by appending received chain to the current one.
+    /// Take substate from newest one.
+    pub fn append_chain(&mut self, chain: Chain) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let chain_tip = self.tip();
+        if chain_tip.hash != chain.fork_block_hash() {
+            return Err(ExecError::AppendChainDoesntConnect {
+                chain_tip: chain_tip.num_hash(),
+                other_chain_fork: chain.fork_block().num_hash(),
+            }
+            .into())
+        }
+        self.blocks.extend(chain.blocks.into_iter());
+        self.changesets.extend(chain.changesets.into_iter());
+        self.substate = chain.substate;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Split chain at the number or hash, block with given number will be included at first chain.
+    /// If any chain is empty (Does not have blocks) None will be returned.
+    ///
+    /// If block hash is not found ChainSplit::NoSplitPending is returned.
+    ///
+    /// Subtate state will be only found in second chain. First change substate will be
+    /// invalid.
+    pub fn split(mut self, split_at: SplitAt) -> ChainSplit {
+        let chain_tip = *self.blocks.last_entry().expect("chain is never empty").key();
+        let block_number = match split_at {
+            SplitAt::Hash(block_hash) => {
+                let block_number = self.blocks.iter().find_map(|(num, block)| {
+                    if block.hash() == block_hash {
+                        Some(*num)
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    }
+                });
+                let Some(block_number) = block_number else { return ChainSplit::NoSplitPending(self)};
+                // If block number is same as tip whole chain is becoming canonical.
+                if block_number == chain_tip {
+                    return ChainSplit::NoSplitCanonical(self)
+                }
+                block_number
+            }
+            SplitAt::Number(block_number) => {
+                if block_number >= chain_tip {
+                    return ChainSplit::NoSplitCanonical(self)
+                }
+                if block_number < *self.blocks.first_entry().expect("chain is never empty").key() {
+                    return ChainSplit::NoSplitPending(self)
+                }
+                block_number
+            }
+        };
+
+        let higher_number_blocks = self.blocks.split_off(&(block_number + 1));
+        let (first_changesets, second_changeset) = self.changesets.split_at(self.blocks.len());
+
+        ChainSplit::Split {
+            canonical: Chain {
+                substate: SubStateData::default(),
+                changesets: first_changesets.to_vec(),
+                blocks: self.blocks,
+            },
+            pending: Chain {
+                substate: self.substate,
+                changesets: second_changeset.to_vec(),
+                blocks: higher_number_blocks,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Used in spliting the chain.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SplitAt {
+    /// Split at block number.
+    Number(BlockNumber),
+    /// Split at block hash.
+    Hash(BlockHash),
+}
+
+/// Result of spliting chain.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ChainSplit {
+    /// Chain is not splited. Pending chain is returned.
+    /// Given block split is higher than last block.
+    /// Or in case of split by hash when hash is unknown.
+    NoSplitPending(Chain),
+    /// Chain is not splited. Canonical chain is returned.
+    /// Given block split is lower than first block.
+    NoSplitCanonical(Chain),
+    /// Chain is splited in two.
+    /// Given block split is contained in first chain.
+    Split {
+        /// Left contains lower block number that get canonicalized.
+        /// And substate is empty and not usable.
+        canonical: Chain,
+        /// Right contains higher block number, that is still pending.
+        /// And substate from original chain is moved here.
+        pending: Chain,
+    },
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::substate::AccountSubState;
+    use reth_primitives::{H160, H256};
+    use reth_provider::execution_result::AccountInfoChangeSet;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn chain_apend() {
+        let block = SealedBlockWithSenders::default();
+        let block1_hash = H256([0x01; 32]);
+        let block2_hash = H256([0x02; 32]);
+        let block3_hash = H256([0x03; 32]);
+        let block4_hash = H256([0x04; 32]);
+
+        let mut block1 = block.clone();
+        let mut block2 = block.clone();
+        let mut block3 = block.clone();
+        let mut block4 = block.clone();
+
+        block1.block.header.hash = block1_hash;
+        block2.block.header.hash = block2_hash;
+        block3.block.header.hash = block3_hash;
+        block4.block.header.hash = block4_hash;
+
+        block3.block.header.header.parent_hash = block2_hash;
+
+        let mut chain1 = Chain {
+            substate: Default::default(),
+            changesets: vec![],
+            blocks: BTreeMap::from([(1, block1.clone()), (2, block2.clone())]),
+        };
+
+        let chain2 = Chain {
+            substate: Default::default(),
+            changesets: vec![],
+            blocks: BTreeMap::from([(3, block3.clone()), (4, block4.clone())]),
+        };
+
+        assert_eq!(chain1.append_chain(chain2.clone()), Ok(()));
+
+        // chain1 got changed so this will fail
+        assert!(chain1.append_chain(chain2).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_number_split() {
+        let mut substate = SubStateData::default();
+        let mut account = AccountSubState::default();
+        account.info.nonce = 10;
+        substate.accounts.insert(H160([1; 20]), account);
+
+        let mut exec1 = ExecutionResult::default();
+        exec1.block_changesets.insert(H160([2; 20]), AccountInfoChangeSet::default());
+        let mut exec2 = ExecutionResult::default();
+        exec2.block_changesets.insert(H160([3; 20]), AccountInfoChangeSet::default());
+
+        let mut block1 = SealedBlockWithSenders::default();
+        let block1_hash = H256([15; 32]);
+        block1.hash = block1_hash;
+        block1.senders.push(H160([4; 20]));
+
+        let mut block2 = SealedBlockWithSenders::default();
+        let block2_hash = H256([16; 32]);
+        block2.hash = block2_hash;
+        block2.senders.push(H160([4; 20]));
+
+        let chain = Chain {
+            substate: substate.clone(),
+            changesets: vec![exec1.clone(), exec2.clone()],
+            blocks: BTreeMap::from([(1, block1.clone()), (2, block2.clone())]),
+        };
+
+        let chain_split1 = Chain {
+            substate: SubStateData::default(),
+            changesets: vec![exec1],
+            blocks: BTreeMap::from([(1, block1.clone())]),
+        };
+
+        let chain_split2 = Chain {
+            substate,
+            changesets: vec![exec2.clone()],
+            blocks: BTreeMap::from([(2, block2.clone())]),
+        };
+
+        // split in two
+        assert_eq!(
+            chain.clone().split(SplitAt::Hash(block1_hash)),
+            ChainSplit::Split { canonical: chain_split1.clone(), pending: chain_split2.clone() }
+        );
+
+        // split at unknown block hash
+        assert_eq!(
+            chain.clone().split(SplitAt::Hash(H256([100; 32]))),
+            ChainSplit::NoSplitPending(chain.clone())
+        );
+
+        // split at higher number
+        assert_eq!(
+            chain.clone().split(SplitAt::Number(10)),
+            ChainSplit::NoSplitCanonical(chain.clone())
+        );
+        // split at lower number
+        assert_eq!(
+            chain.clone().split(SplitAt::Number(0)),
+            ChainSplit::NoSplitPending(chain.clone())
+        );
+    }
+}

crates/executor/src/blockchain_tree/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,918 @@
+//! Implementation of [`BlockchainTree`]
+pub mod block_indices;
+pub mod chain;
+
+use self::{
+    block_indices::BlockIndices,
+    chain::{ChainSplit, SplitAt},
+};
+use chain::{BlockChainId, Chain, ForkBlock};
+use reth_db::{cursor::DbCursorRO, database::Database, tables, transaction::DbTx};
+use reth_interfaces::{consensus::Consensus, executor::Error as ExecError, Error};
+use reth_primitives::{BlockHash, BlockNumber, ChainSpec, SealedBlock, SealedBlockWithSenders};
+use reth_provider::{
+    ExecutorFactory, HeaderProvider, ShareableDatabase, StateProvider, StateProviderFactory,
+    Transaction,
+};
+use std::{
+    collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap},
+    sync::Arc,
+};
+
+#[cfg_attr(doc, aquamarine::aquamarine)]
+/// Tree of chains and its identifications.
+///
+/// Mermaid flowchart represent all blocks that can appear in blockchain.
+/// Green blocks belong to canonical chain and are saved inside database table, they are our main
+/// chain. Pending blocks and sidechains are found in memory inside [`BlockchainTree`].
+/// Both pending and sidechains have same mechanisms only difference is when they got committed to
+/// database. For pending it is just append operation but for sidechains they need to move current
+/// canonical blocks to BlockchainTree flush sidechain to the database to become canonical chain.
+/// ```mermaid
+/// flowchart BT
+/// subgraph canonical chain
+/// CanonState:::state
+/// block0canon:::canon -->block1canon:::canon -->block2canon:::canon -->block3canon:::canon --> block4canon:::canon --> block5canon:::canon
+/// end
+/// block5canon --> block6pending1:::pending
+/// block5canon --> block6pending2:::pending
+/// subgraph sidechain2
+/// S2State:::state
+/// block3canon --> block4s2:::sidechain --> block5s2:::sidechain
+/// end
+/// subgraph sidechain1
+/// S1State:::state
+/// block2canon --> block3s1:::sidechain --> block4s1:::sidechain --> block5s1:::sidechain --> block6s1:::sidechain
+/// end
+/// classDef state fill:#1882C4
+/// classDef canon fill:#8AC926
+/// classDef pending fill:#FFCA3A
+/// classDef sidechain fill:#FF595E
+/// ```
+///
+///
+/// main functions:
+/// * insert_block: Connect block to chain, execute it and if valid insert block inside tree.
+/// * finalize_block: Remove chains that join to now finalized block, as chain becomes invalid.
+/// * make_canonical: Check if we have the hash of block that we want to finalize and commit it to
+///   db. If we dont have the block, pipeline syncing should start to fetch the blocks from p2p. Do
+///   reorg in tables if canonical chain if needed.
+
+pub struct BlockchainTree<DB: Database, C: Consensus, EF: ExecutorFactory> {
+    /// chains and present data
+    chains: HashMap<BlockChainId, Chain>,
+    /// Static blockchain id generator
+    block_chain_id_generator: u64,
+    /// Indices to block and their connection.
+    block_indices: BlockIndices,
+    /// Number of block after finalized block that we are storing. It should be more then
+    /// finalization window
+    max_blocks_in_chain: u64,
+    /// Finalization windows. Number of blocks that can be reorged
+    max_reorg_depth: u64,
+    /// Externals
+    externals: Externals<DB, C, EF>,
+}
+
+/// Container for external abstractions.
+struct Externals<DB: Database, C: Consensus, EF: ExecutorFactory> {
+    /// Save sidechain, do reorgs and push new block to canonical chain that is inside db.
+    db: DB,
+    /// Consensus checks
+    consensus: C,
+    /// Create executor to execute blocks.
+    executor_factory: EF,
+    /// Chain spec
+    chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>,
+}
+
+impl<DB: Database, C: Consensus, EF: ExecutorFactory> Externals<DB, C, EF> {
+    /// Return sharable database helper structure.
+    fn sharable_db(&self) -> ShareableDatabase<&DB> {
+        ShareableDatabase::new(&self.db, self.chain_spec.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Helper structure that wraps chains and indices to search for block hash accross the chains.
+pub struct BlockHashes<'a> {
+    /// Chains
+    pub chains: &'a mut HashMap<BlockChainId, Chain>,
+    /// Indices
+    pub indices: &'a BlockIndices,
+}
+
+impl<DB: Database, C: Consensus, EF: ExecutorFactory> BlockchainTree<DB, C, EF> {
+    /// New blockchain tree
+    pub fn new(
+        db: DB,
+        consensus: C,
+        executor_factory: EF,
+        chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>,
+        max_reorg_depth: u64,
+        max_blocks_in_chain: u64,
+        num_of_additional_canonical_block_hashes: u64,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        if max_reorg_depth > max_blocks_in_chain {
+            panic!("Side chain size should be more then finalization window");
+        }
+
+        let last_canonical_hashes = db
+            .tx()?
+            .cursor_read::<tables::CanonicalHeaders>()?
+            .walk_back(None)?
+            .take((max_reorg_depth + num_of_additional_canonical_block_hashes) as usize)
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<(BlockNumber, BlockHash)>, _>>()?;
+
+        // TODO(rakita) save last finalized block inside database but for now just take
+        // tip-max_reorg_depth
+        // task: https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth/issues/1712
+        let (last_finalized_block_number, _) =
+            if last_canonical_hashes.len() > max_reorg_depth as usize {
+                last_canonical_hashes[max_reorg_depth as usize]
+            } else {
+                // it is in reverse order from tip to N
+                last_canonical_hashes.last().cloned().unwrap_or_default()
+            };
+
+        let externals = Externals { db, consensus, executor_factory, chain_spec };
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            externals,
+            block_chain_id_generator: 0,
+            chains: Default::default(),
+            block_indices: BlockIndices::new(
+                last_finalized_block_number,
+                num_of_additional_canonical_block_hashes,
+                BTreeMap::from_iter(last_canonical_hashes.into_iter()),
+            ),
+            max_blocks_in_chain,
+            max_reorg_depth,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Fork side chain or append the block if parent is the top of the chain
+    fn fork_side_chain(
+        &mut self,
+        block: SealedBlockWithSenders,
+        chain_id: BlockChainId,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let block_hashes = self.all_chain_hashes(chain_id);
+
+        // get canonical fork.
+        let canonical_fork =
+            self.canonical_fork(chain_id).ok_or(ExecError::BlockChainIdConsistency { chain_id })?;
+
+        // get chain that block needs to join to.
+        let parent_chain = self
+            .chains
+            .get_mut(&chain_id)
+            .ok_or(ExecError::BlockChainIdConsistency { chain_id })?;
+        let chain_tip = parent_chain.tip().hash();
+
+        let canonical_block_hashes = self.block_indices.canonical_chain();
+
+        // get canonical tip
+        let (_, canonical_tip_hash) =
+            canonical_block_hashes.last_key_value().map(|(i, j)| (*i, *j)).unwrap_or_default();
+
+        let db = self.externals.sharable_db();
+        let provider = if canonical_fork.hash == canonical_tip_hash {
+            Box::new(db.latest()?) as Box<dyn StateProvider>
+        } else {
+            Box::new(db.history_by_block_number(canonical_fork.number)?) as Box<dyn StateProvider>
+        };
+
+        // append the block if it is continuing the chain.
+        if chain_tip == block.parent_hash {
+            let block_hash = block.hash();
+            let block_number = block.number;
+            parent_chain.append_block(
+                block,
+                block_hashes,
+                canonical_block_hashes,
+                &provider,
+                &self.externals.consensus,
+                &self.externals.executor_factory,
+            )?;
+            drop(provider);
+            self.block_indices.insert_non_fork_block(block_number, block_hash, chain_id)
+        } else {
+            let chain = parent_chain.new_chain_fork(
+                block,
+                block_hashes,
+                canonical_block_hashes,
+                &provider,
+                &self.externals.consensus,
+                &self.externals.executor_factory,
+            )?;
+            // release the lifetime with a drop
+            drop(provider);
+            self.insert_chain(chain);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Fork canonical chain by creating new chain
+    pub fn fork_canonical_chain(&mut self, block: SealedBlockWithSenders) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let canonical_block_hashes = self.block_indices.canonical_chain();
+        let (_, canonical_tip) =
+            canonical_block_hashes.last_key_value().map(|(i, j)| (*i, *j)).unwrap_or_default();
+
+        // create state provider
+        let db = self.externals.sharable_db();
+        let parent_header = db
+            .header(&block.parent_hash)?
+            .ok_or(ExecError::CanonicalChain { block_hash: block.parent_hash })?;
+
+        let provider = if block.parent_hash == canonical_tip {
+            Box::new(db.latest()?) as Box<dyn StateProvider>
+        } else {
+            Box::new(db.history_by_block_number(block.number - 1)?) as Box<dyn StateProvider>
+        };
+
+        let parent_header = parent_header.seal(block.parent_hash);
+        let chain = Chain::new_canonical_fork(
+            &block,
+            &parent_header,
+            canonical_block_hashes,
+            &provider,
+            &self.externals.consensus,
+            &self.externals.executor_factory,
+        )?;
+        drop(provider);
+        self.insert_chain(chain);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Get all block hashes from chain that are not canonical. This is one time operation per
+    /// block. Reason why this is not caches is to save memory.
+    fn all_chain_hashes(&self, chain_id: BlockChainId) -> BTreeMap<BlockNumber, BlockHash> {
+        // find chain and iterate over it,
+        let mut chain_id = chain_id;
+        let mut hashes = BTreeMap::new();
+        loop {
+            let Some(chain) = self.chains.get(&chain_id) else { return hashes };
+            hashes.extend(chain.blocks().values().map(|b| (b.number, b.hash())));
+
+            let fork_block = chain.fork_block_hash();
+            if let Some(next_chain_id) = self.block_indices.get_blocks_chain_id(&fork_block) {
+                chain_id = next_chain_id;
+            } else {
+                // if there is no fork block that point to other chains, break the loop.
+                // it means that this fork joins to canonical block.
+                break
+            }
+        }
+        hashes
+    }
+
+    /// Getting the canonical fork would tell use what kind of Provider we should execute block on.
+    /// If it is latest state provider or history state provider
+    /// Return None if chain_id is not known.
+    fn canonical_fork(&self, chain_id: BlockChainId) -> Option<ForkBlock> {
+        let mut chain_id = chain_id;
+        let mut fork;
+        loop {
+            // chain fork block
+            fork = self.chains.get(&chain_id)?.fork_block();
+            // get fork block chain
+            if let Some(fork_chain_id) = self.block_indices.get_blocks_chain_id(&fork.hash) {
+                chain_id = fork_chain_id;
+                continue
+            }
+            break
+        }
+        if self.block_indices.canonical_hash(&fork.number) == Some(fork.hash) {
+            Some(fork)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Insert chain to tree and ties the blocks to it.
+    /// Helper function that handles indexing and inserting.
+    fn insert_chain(&mut self, chain: Chain) -> BlockChainId {
+        let chain_id = self.block_chain_id_generator;
+        self.block_chain_id_generator += 1;
+        self.block_indices.insert_chain(chain_id, &chain);
+        // add chain_id -> chain index
+        self.chains.insert(chain_id, chain);
+        chain_id
+    }
+
+    /// Insert block inside tree. recover transaction signers and
+    /// internaly call [`BlockchainTree::insert_block_with_senders`] fn.
+    pub fn insert_block(&mut self, block: SealedBlock) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        let block = block.seal_with_senders().ok_or(ExecError::SenderRecoveryError)?;
+        self.insert_block_with_senders(&block)
+    }
+
+    /// Insert block with senders inside tree.
+    /// Returns `true` if:
+    /// 1. It is part of the blockchain tree
+    /// 2. It is part of the canonical chain
+    /// 3. Its parent is part of the blockchain tree and we can fork at the parent
+    /// 4. Its parent is part of the canonical chain and we can fork at the parent
+    /// Otherwise will return `false`, indicating that neither the block nor its parent
+    /// is part of the chain or any sidechains. This means that if block becomes canonical
+    /// we need to fetch the missing blocks over p2p.
+    pub fn insert_block_with_senders(
+        &mut self,
+        block: &SealedBlockWithSenders,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        // check if block number is inside pending block slide
+        let last_finalized_block = self.block_indices.last_finalized_block();
+        if block.number <= last_finalized_block {
+            return Err(ExecError::PendingBlockIsFinalized {
+                block_number: block.number,
+                block_hash: block.hash(),
+                last_finalized: last_finalized_block,
+            }
+            .into())
+        }
+
+        // we will not even try to insert blocks that are too far in future.
+        if block.number > last_finalized_block + self.max_blocks_in_chain {
+            return Err(ExecError::PendingBlockIsInFuture {
+                block_number: block.number,
+                block_hash: block.hash(),
+                last_finalized: last_finalized_block,
+            }
+            .into())
+        }
+
+        // check if block is already inside Tree
+        if self.block_indices.contains_pending_block_hash(block.hash()) {
+            // block is known return that is inserted
+            return Ok(true)
+        }
+
+        // check if block is part of canonical chain
+        if self.block_indices.canonical_hash(&block.number) == Some(block.hash()) {
+            // block is part of canonical chain
+            return Ok(true)
+        }
+
+        // check if block parent can be found in Tree
+        if let Some(parent_chain) = self.block_indices.get_blocks_chain_id(&block.parent_hash) {
+            self.fork_side_chain(block.clone(), parent_chain)?;
+            // TODO save pending block to database
+            // https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth/issues/1713
+            return Ok(true)
+        }
+
+        // if not found, check if the parent can be found inside canonical chain.
+        if Some(block.parent_hash) == self.block_indices.canonical_hash(&(block.number - 1)) {
+            // create new chain that points to that block
+            self.fork_canonical_chain(block.clone())?;
+            // TODO save pending block to database
+            // https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth/issues/1713
+            return Ok(true)
+        }
+        // NOTE: Block doesn't have a parent, and if we receive this block in `make_canonical`
+        // function this could be a trigger to initiate p2p syncing, as we are missing the
+        // parent.
+        Ok(false)
+    }
+
+    /// Do finalization of blocks. Remove them from tree
+    pub fn finalize_block(&mut self, finalized_block: BlockNumber) {
+        let mut remove_chains = self.block_indices.finalize_canonical_blocks(finalized_block);
+
+        while let Some(chain_id) = remove_chains.pop_first() {
+            if let Some(chain) = self.chains.remove(&chain_id) {
+                remove_chains.extend(self.block_indices.remove_chain(&chain));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Update canonical hashes. Reads last N canonical blocks from database and update all indices.
+    pub fn update_canonical_hashes(
+        &mut self,
+        last_finalized_block: BlockNumber,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.finalize_block(last_finalized_block);
+
+        let num_of_canonical_hashes =
+            self.max_reorg_depth + self.block_indices.num_of_additional_canonical_block_hashes();
+
+        let last_canonical_hashes = self
+            .externals
+            .db
+            .tx()?
+            .cursor_read::<tables::CanonicalHeaders>()?
+            .walk_back(None)?
+            .take(num_of_canonical_hashes as usize)
+            .collect::<Result<BTreeMap<BlockNumber, BlockHash>, _>>()?;
+
+        let mut remove_chains = self.block_indices.update_block_hashes(last_canonical_hashes);
+
+        // remove all chains that got discarded
+        while let Some(chain_id) = remove_chains.first() {
+            if let Some(chain) = self.chains.remove(chain_id) {
+                remove_chains.extend(self.block_indices.remove_chain(&chain));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Split chain and return canonical part of it. Pending part reinsert inside tree
+    /// with same chain_id.
+    fn split_chain(&mut self, chain_id: BlockChainId, chain: Chain, split_at: SplitAt) -> Chain {
+        match chain.split(split_at) {
+            ChainSplit::Split { canonical, pending } => {
+                // rest of splited chain is inserted back with same chain_id.
+                self.block_indices.insert_chain(chain_id, &pending);
+                self.chains.insert(chain_id, pending);
+                canonical
+            }
+            ChainSplit::NoSplitCanonical(canonical) => canonical,
+            ChainSplit::NoSplitPending(_) => {
+                panic!("Should not happen as block indices guarantee structure of blocks")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Make block and its parent canonical. Unwind chains to database if necessary.
+    ///
+    /// If block is already part of canonical chain return Ok.
+    pub fn make_canonical(&mut self, block_hash: &BlockHash) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let chain_id = if let Some(chain_id) = self.block_indices.get_blocks_chain_id(block_hash) {
+            chain_id
+        } else {
+            // If block is already canonical don't return error.
+            if self.block_indices.is_block_hash_canonical(block_hash) {
+                return Ok(())
+            }
+            return Err(ExecError::BlockHashNotFoundInChain { block_hash: *block_hash }.into())
+        };
+        let chain = self.chains.remove(&chain_id).expect("To be present");
+
+        // we are spliting chain as there is possibility that only part of chain get canonicalized.
+        let canonical = self.split_chain(chain_id, chain, SplitAt::Hash(*block_hash));
+
+        let mut block_fork = canonical.fork_block();
+        let mut block_fork_number = canonical.fork_block_number();
+        let mut chains_to_promote = vec![canonical];
+
+        // loop while fork blocks are found in Tree.
+        while let Some(chain_id) = self.block_indices.get_blocks_chain_id(&block_fork.hash) {
+            let chain = self.chains.remove(&chain_id).expect("To fork to be present");
+            block_fork = chain.fork_block();
+            let canonical = self.split_chain(chain_id, chain, SplitAt::Number(block_fork_number));
+            block_fork_number = canonical.fork_block_number();
+            chains_to_promote.push(canonical);
+        }
+
+        let old_tip = self.block_indices.canonical_tip();
+        // Merge all chain into one chain.
+        let mut new_canon_chain = chains_to_promote.pop().expect("There is at least one block");
+        for chain in chains_to_promote.into_iter().rev() {
+            new_canon_chain.append_chain(chain).expect("We have just build the chain.");
+        }
+
+        // update canonical index
+        self.block_indices.canonicalize_blocks(new_canon_chain.blocks());
+
+        // if joins to the tip
+        if new_canon_chain.fork_block_hash() == old_tip.hash {
+            // append to database
+            self.commit_canonical(new_canon_chain)?;
+        } else {
+            // it forks to canonical block that is not the tip.
+
+            let canon_fork = new_canon_chain.fork_block();
+            // sanity check
+            if self.block_indices.canonical_hash(&canon_fork.number) != Some(canon_fork.hash) {
+                unreachable!("all chains should point to canonical chain.");
+            }
+
+            // revert `N` blocks from current canonical chain and put them inside BlockchanTree
+            // This is main reorgs on tables.
+            let old_canon_chain = self.revert_canonical(canon_fork.number)?;
+            self.commit_canonical(new_canon_chain)?;
+
+            // TODO we can potentially merge now reverted canonical chain with
+            // one of the chain from the tree. Low priority.
+
+            // insert old canonical chain to BlockchainTree.
+            self.insert_chain(old_canon_chain);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Commit chain for it to become canonical. Assume we are doing pending operation to db.
+    fn commit_canonical(&mut self, chain: Chain) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let mut tx = Transaction::new(&self.externals.db)?;
+
+        let new_tip = chain.tip().number;
+        let (blocks, changesets, _) = chain.into_inner();
+        for item in blocks.into_iter().zip(changesets.into_iter()) {
+            let ((_, block), changeset) = item;
+            tx.insert_block(block, self.externals.chain_spec.as_ref(), changeset)
+                .map_err(|e| ExecError::CanonicalCommit { inner: e.to_string() })?;
+        }
+        // update pipeline progress.
+        tx.update_pipeline_stages(new_tip)
+            .map_err(|e| ExecError::PipelineStatusUpdate { inner: e.to_string() })?;
+
+        tx.commit()?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Revert canonical blocks from database and insert them to pending table
+    /// Revert should be non inclusive, and revert_until should stay in db.
+    /// Return the chain that represent reverted canonical blocks.
+    fn revert_canonical(&mut self, revert_until: BlockNumber) -> Result<Chain, Error> {
+        // read data that is needed for new sidechain
+
+        let mut tx = Transaction::new(&self.externals.db)?;
+
+        // read block and execution result from database. and remove traces of block from tables.
+        let blocks_and_execution = tx
+            .take_block_and_execution_range(
+                self.externals.chain_spec.as_ref(),
+                (revert_until + 1)..,
+            )
+            .map_err(|e| ExecError::CanonicalRevert { inner: e.to_string() })?;
+
+        // update pipeline progress.
+        tx.update_pipeline_stages(revert_until)
+            .map_err(|e| ExecError::PipelineStatusUpdate { inner: e.to_string() })?;
+
+        tx.commit()?;
+
+        let chain = Chain::new(blocks_and_execution);
+
+        Ok(chain)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+    use super::*;
+    use parking_lot::Mutex;
+    use reth_db::{
+        mdbx::{test_utils::create_test_rw_db, Env, WriteMap},
+        transaction::DbTxMut,
+    };
+    use reth_interfaces::test_utils::TestConsensus;
+    use reth_primitives::{hex_literal::hex, proofs::EMPTY_ROOT, ChainSpecBuilder, H256, MAINNET};
+    use reth_provider::{
+        execution_result::ExecutionResult, insert_block, test_utils::blocks::BlockChainTestData,
+        BlockExecutor,
+    };
+
+    struct TestFactory {
+        exec_result: Arc<Mutex<Vec<ExecutionResult>>>,
+        chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>,
+    }
+
+    impl TestFactory {
+        fn new(chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>) -> Self {
+            Self { exec_result: Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new())), chain_spec }
+        }
+
+        fn extend(&self, exec_res: Vec<ExecutionResult>) {
+            self.exec_result.lock().extend(exec_res.into_iter());
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct TestExecutor(Option<ExecutionResult>);
+
+    impl<SP: StateProvider> BlockExecutor<SP> for TestExecutor {
+        fn execute(
+            &mut self,
+            _block: &reth_primitives::Block,
+            _total_difficulty: reth_primitives::U256,
+            _senders: Option<Vec<reth_primitives::Address>>,
+        ) -> Result<ExecutionResult, ExecError> {
+            self.0.clone().ok_or(ExecError::VerificationFailed)
+        }
+
+        fn execute_and_verify_receipt(
+            &mut self,
+            _block: &reth_primitives::Block,
+            _total_difficulty: reth_primitives::U256,
+            _senders: Option<Vec<reth_primitives::Address>>,
+        ) -> Result<ExecutionResult, ExecError> {
+            self.0.clone().ok_or(ExecError::VerificationFailed)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl ExecutorFactory for TestFactory {
+        type Executor<T: StateProvider> = TestExecutor;
+
+        fn with_sp<SP: StateProvider>(&self, _sp: SP) -> Self::Executor<SP> {
+            let exec_res = self.exec_result.lock().pop();
+            TestExecutor(exec_res)
+        }
+
+        fn chain_spec(&self) -> &ChainSpec {
+            self.chain_spec.as_ref()
+        }
+    }
+
+    type TestExternals = (Arc<Env<WriteMap>>, TestConsensus, TestFactory, Arc<ChainSpec>);
+
+    fn externals(exec_res: Vec<ExecutionResult>) -> TestExternals {
+        let db = create_test_rw_db();
+        let consensus = TestConsensus::default();
+        let chain_spec = Arc::new(
+            ChainSpecBuilder::default()
+                .chain(MAINNET.chain)
+                .genesis(MAINNET.genesis.clone())
+                .shanghai_activated()
+                .build(),
+        );
+        let executor_factory = TestFactory::new(chain_spec.clone());
+        executor_factory.extend(exec_res);
+
+        (db, consensus, executor_factory, chain_spec)
+    }
+
+    fn setup(mut genesis: SealedBlock, externals: &TestExternals) {
+        // insert genesis to db.
+
+        genesis.header.header.number = 10;
+        genesis.header.header.state_root = EMPTY_ROOT;
+        let tx_mut = externals.0.tx_mut().unwrap();
+
+        insert_block(&tx_mut, genesis.clone(), None, false, Some((0, 0))).unwrap();
+
+        // insert first 10 blocks
+        for i in 0..10 {
+            tx_mut.put::<tables::CanonicalHeaders>(i, H256([100 + i as u8; 32])).unwrap();
+        }
+        tx_mut.commit().unwrap();
+    }
+
+    /// Test data structure that will check tree internals
+    #[derive(Default, Debug)]
+    struct TreeTester {
+        /// Number of chains
+        chain_num: Option<usize>,
+        /// Check block to chain index
+        block_to_chain: Option<HashMap<BlockHash, BlockChainId>>,
+        /// Check fork to child index
+        fork_to_child: Option<HashMap<BlockHash, HashSet<BlockHash>>>,
+    }
+
+    impl TreeTester {
+        fn with_chain_num(mut self, chain_num: usize) -> Self {
+            self.chain_num = Some(chain_num);
+            self
+        }
+        fn with_block_to_chain(mut self, block_to_chain: HashMap<BlockHash, BlockChainId>) -> Self {
+            self.block_to_chain = Some(block_to_chain);
+            self
+        }
+        fn with_fork_to_child(
+            mut self,
+            fork_to_child: HashMap<BlockHash, HashSet<BlockHash>>,
+        ) -> Self {
+            self.fork_to_child = Some(fork_to_child);
+            self
+        }
+
+        fn assert<DB: Database, C: Consensus, EF: ExecutorFactory>(
+            self,
+            tree: &BlockchainTree<DB, C, EF>,
+        ) {
+            if let Some(chain_num) = self.chain_num {
+                assert_eq!(tree.chains.len(), chain_num);
+            }
+            if let Some(block_to_chain) = self.block_to_chain {
+                assert_eq!(*tree.block_indices.blocks_to_chain(), block_to_chain);
+            }
+            if let Some(fork_to_child) = self.fork_to_child {
+                assert_eq!(*tree.block_indices.fork_to_child(), fork_to_child);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sanity_path() {
+        let data = BlockChainTestData::default();
+        let (mut block1, exec1) = data.blocks[0].clone();
+        block1.number = 11;
+        block1.state_root =
+            H256(hex!("5d035ccb3e75a9057452ff060b773b213ec1fc353426174068edfc3971a0b6bd"));
+        let (mut block2, exec2) = data.blocks[1].clone();
+        block2.number = 12;
+        block2.state_root =
+            H256(hex!("90101a13dd059fa5cca99ed93d1dc23657f63626c5b8f993a2ccbdf7446b64f8"));
+
+        // test pops execution results from vector, so order is from last to first.ß
+        let externals = externals(vec![exec2.clone(), exec1.clone(), exec2.clone(), exec1.clone()]);
+
+        // last finalized block would be number 9.
+        setup(data.genesis, &externals);
+
+        // make tree
+        let (db, consensus, exec_factory, chain_spec) = externals;
+        let mut tree =
+            BlockchainTree::new(db, consensus, exec_factory, chain_spec, 1, 2, 3).unwrap();
+
+        // genesis block 10 is already canonical
+        assert_eq!(tree.make_canonical(&H256::zero()), Ok(()));
+
+        // insert block2 hits max chain size
+        assert_eq!(
+            tree.insert_block_with_senders(&block2),
+            Err(ExecError::PendingBlockIsInFuture {
+                block_number: block2.number,
+                block_hash: block2.hash(),
+                last_finalized: 9,
+            }
+            .into())
+        );
+
+        // make genesis block 10 as finalized
+        tree.finalize_block(10);
+
+        // block 2 parent is not known.
+        assert_eq!(tree.insert_block_with_senders(&block2), Ok(false));
+
+        // insert block1
+        assert_eq!(tree.insert_block_with_senders(&block1), Ok(true));
+        // already inserted block will return true.
+        assert_eq!(tree.insert_block_with_senders(&block1), Ok(true));
+
+        // insert block2
+        assert_eq!(tree.insert_block_with_senders(&block2), Ok(true));
+
+        // Trie state:
+        //      b2 (pending block)
+        //      |
+        //      |
+        //      b1 (pending block)
+        //    /
+        //  /
+        // g1 (canonical blocks)
+        // |
+        TreeTester::default()
+            .with_chain_num(1)
+            .with_block_to_chain(HashMap::from([(block1.hash, 0), (block2.hash, 0)]))
+            .with_fork_to_child(HashMap::from([(block1.parent_hash, HashSet::from([block1.hash]))]))
+            .assert(&tree);
+
+        // make block1 canonical
+        assert_eq!(tree.make_canonical(&block1.hash()), Ok(()));
+        // make block2 canonical
+        assert_eq!(tree.make_canonical(&block2.hash()), Ok(()));
+
+        // Trie state:
+        // b2 (canonical block)
+        // |
+        // |
+        // b1 (canonical block)
+        // |
+        // |
+        // g1 (canonical blocks)
+        // |
+        TreeTester::default()
+            .with_chain_num(0)
+            .with_block_to_chain(HashMap::from([]))
+            .with_fork_to_child(HashMap::from([]))
+            .assert(&tree);
+
+        let mut block1a = block1.clone();
+        let block1a_hash = H256([0x33; 32]);
+        block1a.hash = block1a_hash;
+        let mut block2a = block2.clone();
+        let block2a_hash = H256([0x34; 32]);
+        block2a.hash = block2a_hash;
+
+        // reinsert two blocks that point to canonical chain
+        assert_eq!(tree.insert_block_with_senders(&block1a), Ok(true));
+
+        TreeTester::default()
+            .with_chain_num(1)
+            .with_block_to_chain(HashMap::from([(block1a_hash, 1)]))
+            .with_fork_to_child(HashMap::from([(
+                block1.parent_hash,
+                HashSet::from([block1a_hash]),
+            )]))
+            .assert(&tree);
+
+        assert_eq!(tree.insert_block_with_senders(&block2a), Ok(true));
+        // Trie state:
+        // b2   b2a (side chain)
+        // |   /
+        // | /
+        // b1  b1a (side chain)
+        // |  /
+        // |/
+        // g1 (10)
+        // |
+        TreeTester::default()
+            .with_chain_num(2)
+            .with_block_to_chain(HashMap::from([(block1a_hash, 1), (block2a_hash, 2)]))
+            .with_fork_to_child(HashMap::from([
+                (block1.parent_hash, HashSet::from([block1a_hash])),
+                (block1.hash(), HashSet::from([block2a_hash])),
+            ]))
+            .assert(&tree);
+
+        // make b2a canonical
+        assert_eq!(tree.make_canonical(&block2a_hash), Ok(()));
+        // Trie state:
+        // b2a   b2 (side chain)
+        // |   /
+        // | /
+        // b1  b1a (side chain)
+        // |  /
+        // |/
+        // g1 (10)
+        // |
+        TreeTester::default()
+            .with_chain_num(2)
+            .with_block_to_chain(HashMap::from([(block1a_hash, 1), (block2.hash, 3)]))
+            .with_fork_to_child(HashMap::from([
+                (block1.parent_hash, HashSet::from([block1a_hash])),
+                (block1.hash(), HashSet::from([block2.hash])),
+            ]))
+            .assert(&tree);
+
+        assert_eq!(tree.make_canonical(&block1a_hash), Ok(()));
+        // Trie state:
+        //       b2a   b2 (side chain)
+        //       |   /
+        //       | /
+        // b1a  b1 (side chain)
+        // |  /
+        // |/
+        // g1 (10)
+        // |
+        TreeTester::default()
+            .with_chain_num(2)
+            .with_block_to_chain(HashMap::from([
+                (block1.hash, 4),
+                (block2a_hash, 4),
+                (block2.hash, 3),
+            ]))
+            .with_fork_to_child(HashMap::from([
+                (block1.parent_hash, HashSet::from([block1.hash])),
+                (block1.hash(), HashSet::from([block2.hash])),
+            ]))
+            .assert(&tree);
+
+        // make b2 canonical
+        assert_eq!(tree.make_canonical(&block2.hash()), Ok(()));
+        // Trie state:
+        // b2   b2a (side chain)
+        // |   /
+        // | /
+        // b1  b1a (side chain)
+        // |  /
+        // |/
+        // g1 (10)
+        // |
+        TreeTester::default()
+            .with_chain_num(2)
+            .with_block_to_chain(HashMap::from([(block1a_hash, 5), (block2a_hash, 4)]))
+            .with_fork_to_child(HashMap::from([
+                (block1.parent_hash, HashSet::from([block1a_hash])),
+                (block1.hash(), HashSet::from([block2a_hash])),
+            ]))
+            .assert(&tree);
+
+        // finalize b1 that would make b1a removed from tree
+        tree.finalize_block(11);
+        // Trie state:
+        // b2   b2a (side chain)
+        // |   /
+        // | /
+        // b1 (canon)
+        // |
+        // g1 (10)
+        // |
+        TreeTester::default()
+            .with_chain_num(1)
+            .with_block_to_chain(HashMap::from([(block2a_hash, 4)]))
+            .with_fork_to_child(HashMap::from([(block1.hash(), HashSet::from([block2a_hash]))]))
+            .assert(&tree);
+
+        // update canonical block to b2, this would make b2a be removed
+        assert_eq!(tree.update_canonical_hashes(12), Ok(()));
+        // Trie state:
+        // b2 (canon)
+        // |
+        // b1 (canon)
+        // |
+        // g1 (10)
+        // |
+        TreeTester::default()
+            .with_chain_num(0)
+            .with_block_to_chain(HashMap::from([]))
+            .with_fork_to_child(HashMap::from([]))
+            .assert(&tree);
+    }
+}

crates/executor/src/lib.rs

@@ -8,9 +8,11 @@
 //! Reth executor executes transaction in block of data.
 
 pub mod eth_dao_fork;
+pub mod substate;
 
 /// Execution result types.
 pub use reth_provider::execution_result;
+pub mod blockchain_tree;
 /// Executor
 pub mod executor;
 

crates/executor/src/substate.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+//! Substate for blockchain trees
+
+use reth_interfaces::{provider::ProviderError, Result};
+use reth_primitives::{Account, Address, BlockHash, BlockNumber, Bytecode, Bytes, H256, U256};
+use reth_provider::{AccountProvider, BlockHashProvider, StateProvider};
+use std::collections::{hash_map::Entry, BTreeMap, HashMap};
+
+use crate::execution_result::{AccountInfoChangeSet, ExecutionResult};
+
+/// Memory backend, storing all state values in a `Map` in memory.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SubStateData {
+    /// Account info where None means it is not existing. Not existing state is needed for Pre
+    /// TANGERINE forks. `code` is always `None`, and bytecode can be found in `contracts`.
+    pub accounts: HashMap<Address, AccountSubState>,
+    /// New bytecodes
+    pub bytecodes: HashMap<H256, (u32, Bytecode)>,
+}
+
+impl SubStateData {
+    /// Apply changesets to substate.
+    pub fn apply(&mut self, changesets: &[ExecutionResult]) {
+        for changeset in changesets {
+            self.apply_one(changeset)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Apply one changeset to substate.
+    pub fn apply_one(&mut self, changeset: &ExecutionResult) {
+        for tx_changeset in changeset.tx_changesets.iter() {
+            // apply accounts
+            for (address, account_change) in tx_changeset.changeset.iter() {
+                // revert account
+                self.apply_account(address, &account_change.account);
+                // revert its storage
+                self.apply_storage(address, &account_change.storage);
+            }
+            // apply bytecodes
+            for (hash, bytecode) in tx_changeset.new_bytecodes.iter() {
+                self.bytecodes.entry(*hash).or_insert((0, Bytecode(bytecode.clone()))).0 += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        // apply block reward
+        for (address, change) in changeset.block_changesets.iter() {
+            self.apply_account(address, change)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Apply account changeset to substate
+    fn apply_account(&mut self, address: &Address, change: &AccountInfoChangeSet) {
+        match change {
+            AccountInfoChangeSet::Created { new } => match self.accounts.entry(*address) {
+                Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
+                    entry.insert(AccountSubState::created_account(*new));
+                }
+                Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
+                    let account = entry.get_mut();
+                    // increment counter
+                    account.inc_storage_counter();
+                    account.info = *new;
+                }
+            },
+            AccountInfoChangeSet::Destroyed { .. } => {
+                // set selfdestructed account
+                let account = self.accounts.entry(*address).or_default();
+                account.inc_storage_counter();
+                account.info = Default::default();
+                account.storage.clear();
+            }
+            AccountInfoChangeSet::Changed { old, .. } => {
+                self.accounts.entry(*address).or_default().info = *old;
+            }
+            AccountInfoChangeSet::NoChange { is_empty } => {
+                if *is_empty {
+                    self.accounts.entry(*address).or_default();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Apply storage changeset to substate
+    fn apply_storage(&mut self, address: &Address, storage: &BTreeMap<U256, (U256, U256)>) {
+        if let Entry::Occupied(mut entry) = self.accounts.entry(*address) {
+            let account_storage = &mut entry.get_mut().storage;
+            for (key, (_, new_value)) in storage {
+                let key = H256(key.to_be_bytes());
+                account_storage.insert(key, *new_value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Revert to old state in substate. Changesets will be reverted in reverse order,
+    pub fn revert(&mut self, changesets: &[ExecutionResult]) {
+        for changeset in changesets.iter().rev() {
+            // revert block changeset
+            for (address, change) in changeset.block_changesets.iter() {
+                self.revert_account(address, change)
+            }
+
+            for tx_changeset in changeset.tx_changesets.iter() {
+                // revert bytecodes
+                for (hash, _) in tx_changeset.new_bytecodes.iter() {
+                    match self.bytecodes.entry(*hash) {
+                        Entry::Vacant(_) => panic!("Bytecode should be present"),
+                        Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
+                            let (cnt, _) = entry.get_mut();
+                            *cnt -= 1;
+                            if *cnt == 0 {
+                                entry.remove_entry();
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // revert accounts
+                for (address, account_change) in tx_changeset.changeset.iter() {
+                    // revert account
+                    self.revert_account(address, &account_change.account);
+                    // revert its storage
+                    self.revert_storage(address, &account_change.storage);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Revert storage
+    fn revert_storage(&mut self, address: &Address, storage: &BTreeMap<U256, (U256, U256)>) {
+        if let Entry::Occupied(mut entry) = self.accounts.entry(*address) {
+            let account_storage = &mut entry.get_mut().storage;
+            for (key, (old_value, _)) in storage {
+                let key = H256(key.to_be_bytes());
+                account_storage.insert(key, *old_value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Revert account
+    fn revert_account(&mut self, address: &Address, change: &AccountInfoChangeSet) {
+        match change {
+            AccountInfoChangeSet::Created { .. } => {
+                match self.accounts.entry(*address) {
+                    Entry::Vacant(_) => {
+                        // We inserted this account in apply fn.
+                        panic!("It should be present, something is broken");
+                    }
+                    Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
+                        let val = entry.get_mut();
+                        if val.decr_storage_counter() {
+                            // remove account that we didn't change from substate
+
+                            entry.remove_entry();
+                            return
+                        }
+                        val.info = Account::default();
+                        val.storage.clear();
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+            AccountInfoChangeSet::Destroyed { old } => match self.accounts.entry(*address) {
+                Entry::Vacant(_) => {
+                    // We inserted this account in apply fn.
+                    panic!("It should be present, something is broken");
+                }
+                Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
+                    let val = entry.get_mut();
+
+                    // Contrary to Created we are not removing this account as we dont know if
+                    // this account was changer or not by `Changed` changeset.
+                    val.decr_storage_counter();
+                    val.info = *old;
+                }
+            },
+            AccountInfoChangeSet::Changed { old, .. } => {
+                self.accounts.entry(*address).or_default().info = *old;
+            }
+            AccountInfoChangeSet::NoChange { is_empty: _ } => {
+                // do nothing
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+/// Account changes in substate
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct AccountSubState {
+    /// New account state
+    pub info: Account,
+    /// If account is selfdestructed or newly created, storage will be cleared.
+    /// and we dont need to ask the provider for data.
+    /// As we need to have as
+    pub storage_is_clear: Option<u32>,
+    /// storage slots
+    pub storage: HashMap<H256, U256>,
+}
+
+impl AccountSubState {
+    /// Increment storage counter to mark this storage was cleared
+    pub fn inc_storage_counter(&mut self) {
+        self.storage_is_clear = Some(self.storage_is_clear.unwrap_or_default() + 1);
+    }
+
+    /// Decrement storage counter to represent that changeset that cleared storage was reverted.
+    pub fn decr_storage_counter(&mut self) -> bool {
+        let Some(cnt) = self.storage_is_clear else { return false};
+
+        if cnt == 1 {
+            self.storage_is_clear = None;
+            return true
+        }
+        false
+    }
+    /// Account is created
+    pub fn created_account(info: Account) -> Self {
+        Self { info, storage_is_clear: Some(1), storage: HashMap::new() }
+    }
+    /// Should we ask the provider for storage data
+    pub fn ask_provider(&self) -> bool {
+        self.storage_is_clear.is_none()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Wrapper around substate and provider, it decouples the database that can be Latest or historical
+/// with substate changes that happened previously.
+pub struct SubStateWithProvider<'a, SP: StateProvider> {
+    /// Substate
+    substate: &'a SubStateData,
+    /// Provider
+    provider: SP,
+    /// side chain block hashes
+    sidechain_block_hashes: &'a BTreeMap<BlockNumber, BlockHash>,
+    /// Last N canonical hashes,
+    canonical_block_hashes: &'a BTreeMap<BlockNumber, BlockHash>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, SP: StateProvider> SubStateWithProvider<'a, SP> {
+    /// Create new substate with provider
+    pub fn new(
+        substate: &'a SubStateData,
+        provider: SP,
+        sidechain_block_hashes: &'a BTreeMap<BlockNumber, BlockHash>,
+        canonical_block_hashes: &'a BTreeMap<BlockNumber, BlockHash>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self { substate, provider, sidechain_block_hashes, canonical_block_hashes }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Implement StateProvider traits */
+
+impl<'a, SP: StateProvider> BlockHashProvider for SubStateWithProvider<'a, SP> {
+    fn block_hash(&self, number: U256) -> Result<Option<H256>> {
+        // All block numbers fit inside u64 and revm checks if it is last 256 block numbers.
+        let block_number = number.as_limbs()[0];
+        if let Some(sidechain_block_hash) = self.sidechain_block_hashes.get(&block_number).cloned()
+        {
+            return Ok(Some(sidechain_block_hash))
+        }
+
+        Ok(Some(
+            self.canonical_block_hashes
+                .get(&block_number)
+                .cloned()
+                .ok_or(ProviderError::BlockchainTreeBlockHash { block_number })?,
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, SP: StateProvider> AccountProvider for SubStateWithProvider<'a, SP> {
+    fn basic_account(&self, address: Address) -> Result<Option<Account>> {
+        if let Some(account) = self.substate.accounts.get(&address).map(|acc| acc.info) {
+            return Ok(Some(account))
+        }
+        self.provider.basic_account(address)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, SP: StateProvider> StateProvider for SubStateWithProvider<'a, SP> {
+    fn storage(
+        &self,
+        account: Address,
+        storage_key: reth_primitives::StorageKey,
+    ) -> Result<Option<reth_primitives::StorageValue>> {
+        if let Some(substate_account) = self.substate.accounts.get(&account) {
+            if let Some(storage) = substate_account.storage.get(&storage_key) {
+                return Ok(Some(*storage))
+            }
+            if !substate_account.ask_provider() {
+                return Ok(Some(U256::ZERO))
+            }
+        }
+        self.provider.storage(account, storage_key)
+    }
+
+    /// Get account and storage proofs.
+    fn proof(
+        &self,
+        _address: Address,
+        _keys: &[H256],
+    ) -> Result<(Vec<Bytes>, H256, Vec<Vec<Bytes>>)> {
+        Err(ProviderError::HistoryStateRoot.into())
+    }
+
+    fn bytecode_by_hash(&self, code_hash: H256) -> Result<Option<Bytecode>> {
+        if let Some((_, bytecode)) = self.substate.bytecodes.get(&code_hash).cloned() {
+            return Ok(Some(bytecode))
+        }
+        self.provider.bytecode_by_hash(code_hash)
+    }
+}

crates/interfaces/src/executor.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use reth_primitives::{Bloom, H256};
+use reth_primitives::{BlockHash, BlockNumber, Bloom, H256};
 use thiserror::Error;
 
 /// BlockExecutor Errors
@@ -34,4 +34,34 @@ pub enum Error {
     BlockGasUsed { got: u64, expected: u64 },
     #[error("Provider error")]
     ProviderError,
+    #[error("BlockChainId can't be found in BlockchainTree with internal index {chain_id}")]
+    BlockChainIdConsistency { chain_id: u64 },
+    #[error(
+        "Appending chain on fork (other_chain_fork:?) is not possible as the tip is {chain_tip:?}"
+    )]
+    AppendChainDoesntConnect { chain_tip: (u64, H256), other_chain_fork: (u64, H256) },
+    #[error("Canonical chain header #{block_hash} can't be found ")]
+    CanonicalChain { block_hash: BlockHash },
+    #[error("Can't insert #{block_number} {block_hash} as last finalized block number is {last_finalized}")]
+    PendingBlockIsFinalized {
+        block_hash: BlockHash,
+        block_number: BlockNumber,
+        last_finalized: BlockNumber,
+    },
+    #[error("Can't insert block  #{block_number} {block_hash} to far in future, as last finalized block number is {last_finalized}")]
+    PendingBlockIsInFuture {
+        block_hash: BlockHash,
+        block_number: BlockNumber,
+        last_finalized: BlockNumber,
+    },
+    #[error("Block number #{block_number} not found in blockchain tree chain")]
+    BlockNumberNotFoundInChain { block_number: BlockNumber },
+    #[error("Block hash {block_hash} not found in blockchain tree chain")]
+    BlockHashNotFoundInChain { block_hash: BlockHash },
+    #[error("Transaction error on revert: {inner:?}")]
+    CanonicalRevert { inner: String },
+    #[error("Transaction error on commit: {inner:?}")]
+    CanonicalCommit { inner: String },
+    #[error("Transaction error on pipeline status update: {inner:?}")]
+    PipelineStatusUpdate { inner: String },
 }

crates/interfaces/src/provider.rs

@@ -68,12 +68,23 @@ pub enum ProviderError {
     /// Reached the end of the transaction sender table.
     #[error("Got to the end of the transaction sender table")]
     EndOfTransactionSenderTable,
+    /// Missing block hash in BlockchainTree
+    #[error("Missing block hash for block #{block_number:?} in blockchain tree")]
+    BlockchainTreeBlockHash { block_number: BlockNumber },
     /// Some error occurred while interacting with the state tree.
-    #[error("Unknown error occurred while interacting with the state tree.")]
+    #[error("Unknown error occurred while interacting with the state trie.")]
-    StateTree,
+    StateTrie,
+    #[error("History state root, can't be calculated")]
+    HistoryStateRoot,
     /// Thrown when required header related data was not found but was required.
     #[error("requested data not found")]
     HeaderNotFound,
+    /// Mismatch of sender and transaction
+    #[error("Mismatch of sender and transaction id {tx_id}")]
+    MismatchOfTransactionAndSenderId { tx_id: TxNumber },
+    /// Block body wrong transaction count
+    #[error("Stored block indices does not match transaction count")]
+    BlockBodyTransactionCount,
     /// Thrown when the cache service task dropped
     #[error("cache service task stopped")]
     CacheServiceUnavailable,

crates/net/network/src/config.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use secp256k1::{SecretKey, SECP256K1};
 use std::{
     collections::HashSet,
     net::{Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr, SocketAddrV4},
+    sync::Arc,
 };
 
 /// reexports for convenience
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ pub struct NetworkConfig<C> {
     /// How to configure the [SessionManager](crate::session::SessionManager).
     pub sessions_config: SessionsConfig,
     /// The chain spec
-    pub chain_spec: ChainSpec,
+    pub chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>,
     /// The [`ForkFilter`] to use at launch for authenticating sessions.
     ///
     /// See also <https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-2124.md#stale-software-examples>
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ pub struct NetworkConfigBuilder {
     /// How to configure the sessions manager
     sessions_config: Option<SessionsConfig>,
     /// The network's chain spec
-    chain_spec: ChainSpec,
+    chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>,
     /// The default mode of the network.
     network_mode: NetworkMode,
     /// The executor to use for spawning tasks.
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ impl NetworkConfigBuilder {
             listener_addr: None,
             peers_config: None,
             sessions_config: None,
-            chain_spec: MAINNET.clone(),
+            chain_spec: Arc::new(MAINNET.clone()),
             network_mode: Default::default(),
             executor: None,
             hello_message: None,
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ impl NetworkConfigBuilder {
     }
 
     /// Sets the chain spec.
-    pub fn chain_spec(mut self, chain_spec: ChainSpec) -> Self {
+    pub fn chain_spec(mut self, chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>) -> Self {
         self.chain_spec = chain_spec;
         self
     }
@@ -417,6 +418,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         // remove any `next` fields we would have by removing all hardforks
         chain_spec.hardforks = BTreeMap::new();
+        let chain_spec = Arc::new(chain_spec);
 
         // check that the forkid is initialized with the genesis and no other forks
         let genesis_fork_hash = ForkHash::from(chain_spec.genesis_hash());

crates/primitives/Cargo.toml

@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ arbitrary = [
     "dep:proptest",
     "dep:proptest-derive",
 ]
+test-utils = []
 
 [[bench]]
 name = "recover_ecdsa_crit"

crates/primitives/src/block.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{Header, SealedHeader, TransactionSigned, Withdrawal, H256};
+use crate::{Address, Header, SealedHeader, TransactionSigned, Withdrawal, H256};
 use ethers_core::types::BlockNumber;
 use reth_codecs::derive_arbitrary;
 use reth_rlp::{Decodable, DecodeError, Encodable, RlpDecodable, RlpEncodable};
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ use std::{fmt, fmt::Formatter, ops::Deref, str::FromStr};
 /// Ethereum full block.
 ///
 /// Withdrawals can be optionally included at the end of the RLP encoded message.
-#[derive_arbitrary(rlp, 25)]
 #[derive(
     Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Serialize, Deserialize, RlpEncodable, RlpDecodable,
 )]
+#[derive_arbitrary(rlp, 25)]
 #[rlp(trailing)]
 pub struct Block {
     /// Block header.
@@ -28,6 +28,18 @@ pub struct Block {
     pub withdrawals: Option<Vec<Withdrawal>>,
 }
 
+impl Block {
+    /// Create SealedBLock that will create all header hashes.
+    pub fn seal_slow(self) -> SealedBlock {
+        SealedBlock {
+            header: self.header.seal_slow(),
+            body: self.body,
+            ommers: self.ommers.into_iter().map(|o| o.seal_slow()).collect(),
+            withdrawals: self.withdrawals,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Deref for Block {
     type Target = Header;
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
@@ -65,6 +77,17 @@ impl SealedBlock {
         (self.header, self.body, self.ommers)
     }
 
+    /// Expensive operation that recovers transaction signer. See [SealedBlockWithSenders].
+    pub fn senders(&self) -> Option<Vec<Address>> {
+        self.body.iter().map(|tx| tx.recover_signer()).collect::<Option<Vec<Address>>>()
+    }
+
+    /// Seal sealed block with recovered transaction senders.
+    pub fn seal_with_senders(self) -> Option<SealedBlockWithSenders> {
+        let senders = self.senders()?;
+        Some(SealedBlockWithSenders { block: self, senders })
+    }
+
     /// Unseal the block
     pub fn unseal(self) -> Block {
         Block {
@@ -83,6 +106,52 @@ impl Deref for SealedBlock {
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-utils"))]
+impl std::ops::DerefMut for SealedBlock {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.header
+    }
+}
+
+/// Sealed block with senders recovered from transactions.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+pub struct SealedBlockWithSenders {
+    /// Sealed block
+    pub block: SealedBlock,
+    /// List of senders that match trasanctions from block.
+    pub senders: Vec<Address>,
+}
+
+impl SealedBlockWithSenders {
+    /// New sealed block with sender. Return none if len of tx and senders does not match
+    pub fn new(block: SealedBlock, senders: Vec<Address>) -> Option<Self> {
+        if block.body.len() != senders.len() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(Self { block, senders })
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Split Structure to its components
+    pub fn into_components(self) -> (SealedBlock, Vec<Address>) {
+        (self.block, self.senders)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for SealedBlockWithSenders {
+    type Target = SealedBlock;
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.block
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-utils"))]
+impl std::ops::DerefMut for SealedBlockWithSenders {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.block
+    }
+}
+
 /// Either a block hash _or_ a block number
 #[derive_arbitrary(rlp)]
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]

crates/primitives/src/header.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use ethers_core::types::{Block, H256 as EthersH256, H64};
 use reth_codecs::{add_arbitrary_tests, derive_arbitrary, main_codec, Compact};
 use reth_rlp::{length_of_length, Decodable, Encodable, EMPTY_STRING_CODE};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 
 /// Describes the current head block.
 ///
@@ -284,9 +284,9 @@ impl Decodable for Header {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct SealedHeader {
     /// Locked Header fields.
-    header: Header,
+    pub header: Header,
     /// Locked Header hash.
-    hash: BlockHash,
+    pub hash: BlockHash,
 }
 
 impl SealedHeader {
@@ -404,6 +404,12 @@ impl Deref for SealedHeader {
     }
 }
 
+impl DerefMut for SealedHeader {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.header
+    }
+}
+
 /// Represents the direction for a headers request depending on the `reverse` field of the request.
 /// > The response must contain a number of block headers, of rising number when reverse is 0,
 /// > falling when 1

crates/primitives/src/lib.rs

@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@ pub use proofs::ProofCheckpoint;
 
 pub use account::{Account, Bytecode};
 pub use bits::H512;
-pub use block::{Block, BlockHashOrNumber, BlockId, BlockNumberOrTag, SealedBlock};
+pub use block::{
+    Block, BlockHashOrNumber, BlockId, BlockNumberOrTag, SealedBlock, SealedBlockWithSenders,
+};
 pub use bloom::Bloom;
 pub use chain::{
     AllGenesisFormats, Chain, ChainInfo, ChainSpec, ChainSpecBuilder, ForkCondition, GOERLI,
@@ -124,3 +126,6 @@ pub fn keccak256(data: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> H256 {
     hasher.finalize(&mut buf);
     buf.into()
 }
+
+#[cfg(any(test, feature = "arbitrary"))]
+pub use arbitrary;

crates/primitives/src/transaction/mod.rs

@@ -871,6 +871,11 @@ impl TransactionSignedEcRecovered {
         self.signed_transaction
     }
 
+    /// Desolve Self to its component
+    pub fn to_components(self) -> (TransactionSigned, Address) {
+        (self.signed_transaction, self.signer)
+    }
+
     /// Create [`TransactionSignedEcRecovered`] from [`TransactionSigned`] and [`Address`] of the
     /// signer.
     pub fn from_signed_transaction(signed_transaction: TransactionSigned, signer: Address) -> Self {

crates/rpc/rpc-engine-api/src/engine_api.rs

@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ impl<Client: HeaderProvider + BlockProvider + StateProviderFactory + EvmEnvProvi
     /// Create new instance of [EngineApi].
     pub fn new(
         client: Client,
-        chain_spec: ChainSpec,
+        chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>,
         message_rx: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<EngineApiMessage>,
         forkchoice_state_tx: watch::Sender<ForkchoiceState>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             client,
-            chain_spec: Arc::new(chain_spec),
+            chain_spec,
             message_rx: UnboundedReceiverStream::new(message_rx),
             forkchoice_state_tx,
         }

crates/staged-sync/src/utils/chainspec.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use reth_primitives::{AllGenesisFormats, ChainSpec, GOERLI, MAINNET, SEPOLIA};
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::{path::PathBuf, sync::Arc};
 
 /// Clap value parser for [ChainSpec]s that takes either a built-in chainspec or the path
 /// to a custom one.
-pub fn chain_spec_value_parser(s: &str) -> Result<ChainSpec, eyre::Error> {
+pub fn chain_spec_value_parser(s: &str) -> Result<Arc<ChainSpec>, eyre::Error> {
-    Ok(match s {
+    Ok(Arc::new(match s {
         "mainnet" => MAINNET.clone(),
         "goerli" => GOERLI.clone(),
         "sepolia" => SEPOLIA.clone(),
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ pub fn chain_spec_value_parser(s: &str) -> Result<ChainSpec, eyre::Error> {
             let raw = std::fs::read_to_string(PathBuf::from(shellexpand::full(s)?.into_owned()))?;
             serde_json::from_str(&raw)?
         }
-    })
+    }))
 }
 
 /// Clap value parser for [ChainSpec]s that takes either a built-in genesis format or the path
 /// to a custom one.
-pub fn genesis_value_parser(s: &str) -> Result<ChainSpec, eyre::Error> {
+pub fn genesis_value_parser(s: &str) -> Result<Arc<ChainSpec>, eyre::Error> {
-    Ok(match s {
+    Ok(Arc::new(match s {
         "mainnet" => MAINNET.clone(),
         "goerli" => GOERLI.clone(),
         "sepolia" => SEPOLIA.clone(),
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pub fn genesis_value_parser(s: &str) -> Result<ChainSpec, eyre::Error> {
             let genesis: AllGenesisFormats = serde_json::from_str(&raw)?;
             genesis.into()
         }
-    })
+    }))
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

crates/staged-sync/src/utils/init.rs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub enum InitDatabaseError {
 #[allow(clippy::field_reassign_with_default)]
 pub fn init_genesis<DB: Database>(
     db: Arc<DB>,
-    chain: ChainSpec,
+    chain: Arc<ChainSpec>,
 ) -> Result<H256, InitDatabaseError> {
     let genesis = chain.genesis();
 
@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ pub fn init_genesis<DB: Database>(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
     use super::{init_genesis, InitDatabaseError};
     use reth_db::mdbx::test_utils::create_test_rw_db;
     use reth_primitives::{
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn success_init_genesis_mainnet() {
         let db = create_test_rw_db();
-        let genesis_hash = init_genesis(db, MAINNET.clone()).unwrap();
+        let genesis_hash = init_genesis(db, Arc::new(MAINNET.clone())).unwrap();
 
         // actual, expected
         assert_eq!(genesis_hash, MAINNET_GENESIS);
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn success_init_genesis_goerli() {
         let db = create_test_rw_db();
-        let genesis_hash = init_genesis(db, GOERLI.clone()).unwrap();
+        let genesis_hash = init_genesis(db, Arc::new(GOERLI.clone())).unwrap();
 
         // actual, expected
         assert_eq!(genesis_hash, GOERLI_GENESIS);
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn success_init_genesis_sepolia() {
         let db = create_test_rw_db();
-        let genesis_hash = init_genesis(db, SEPOLIA.clone()).unwrap();
+        let genesis_hash = init_genesis(db, Arc::new(SEPOLIA.clone())).unwrap();
 
         // actual, expected
         assert_eq!(genesis_hash, SEPOLIA_GENESIS);
@@ -121,10 +123,10 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn fail_init_inconsistent_db() {
         let db = create_test_rw_db();
-        init_genesis(db.clone(), SEPOLIA.clone()).unwrap();
+        init_genesis(db.clone(), Arc::new(SEPOLIA.clone())).unwrap();
 
         // Try to init db with a different genesis block
-        let genesis_hash = init_genesis(db, MAINNET.clone());
+        let genesis_hash = init_genesis(db, Arc::new(MAINNET.clone()));
 
         assert_eq!(
             genesis_hash.unwrap_err(),

crates/staged-sync/tests/sync.rs

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ async fn can_peer_with_geth() {
     assert_eq!(geth_peer_id, peer_id);
 }
 
-async fn init_geth() -> (CliqueGethInstance, ChainSpec) {
+async fn init_geth() -> (CliqueGethInstance, Arc<ChainSpec>) {
     // first create a signer that we will fund so we can make transactions
     let chain_id = 13337u64;
     let data_dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("should be able to create temp geth datadir");
@@ -123,5 +123,5 @@ async fn init_geth() -> (CliqueGethInstance, ChainSpec) {
     let block = clique.provider.get_block_number().await.unwrap();
     assert!(block > U64::zero());
 
-    (clique, chainspec)
+    (clique, Arc::new(chainspec))
 }

crates/stages/Cargo.toml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ metrics = "0.20.1"
 # misc
 serde = { version = "1.0", optional = true }
 thiserror = "1.0.37"
-aquamarine = "0.2.1"
+aquamarine = "0.2.1" #docs
 itertools = "0.10.5"
 rayon = "1.6.0"
 num-traits = "0.2.15"

crates/stages/src/stages/execution.rs

@@ -324,8 +324,8 @@ mod tests {
         let genesis = SealedBlock::decode(&mut genesis_rlp).unwrap();
         let mut block_rlp = hex!("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").as_slice();
         let block = SealedBlock::decode(&mut block_rlp).unwrap();
-        insert_canonical_block(tx.deref_mut(), &genesis, true).unwrap();
+        insert_canonical_block(tx.deref_mut(), genesis, None, true).unwrap();
-        insert_canonical_block(tx.deref_mut(), &block, true).unwrap();
+        insert_canonical_block(tx.deref_mut(), block.clone(), None, true).unwrap();
         tx.commit().unwrap();
 
         // insert pre state
@@ -413,8 +413,8 @@ mod tests {
         let genesis = SealedBlock::decode(&mut genesis_rlp).unwrap();
         let mut block_rlp = hex!("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").as_slice();
         let block = SealedBlock::decode(&mut block_rlp).unwrap();
-        insert_canonical_block(tx.deref_mut(), &genesis, true).unwrap();
+        insert_canonical_block(tx.deref_mut(), genesis, None, true).unwrap();
-        insert_canonical_block(tx.deref_mut(), &block, true).unwrap();
+        insert_canonical_block(tx.deref_mut(), block.clone(), None, true).unwrap();
         tx.commit().unwrap();
 
         // variables
@@ -480,8 +480,8 @@ mod tests {
         let genesis = SealedBlock::decode(&mut genesis_rlp).unwrap();
         let mut block_rlp = hex!("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").as_slice();
         let block = SealedBlock::decode(&mut block_rlp).unwrap();
-        insert_canonical_block(tx.deref_mut(), &genesis, true).unwrap();
+        insert_canonical_block(tx.deref_mut(), genesis, None, true).unwrap();
-        insert_canonical_block(tx.deref_mut(), &block, true).unwrap();
+        insert_canonical_block(tx.deref_mut(), block.clone(), None, true).unwrap();
         tx.commit().unwrap();
 
         // variables

crates/stages/src/stages/hashing_account.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use reth_db::{
     tables,
     transaction::{DbTx, DbTxMut},
 };
-use reth_primitives::{keccak256, Account, Address};
+use reth_primitives::keccak256;
 use reth_provider::Transaction;
 use std::{collections::BTreeMap, fmt::Debug, ops::Range};
 use tracing::*;
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ impl AccountHashingStage {
     pub fn seed<DB: Database>(
         tx: &mut Transaction<'_, DB>,
         opts: SeedOpts,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<(Address, Account)>, StageError> {
+    ) -> Result<Vec<(reth_primitives::Address, reth_primitives::Account)>, StageError> {
         use reth_db::models::AccountBeforeTx;
         use reth_interfaces::test_utils::generators::{
             random_block_range, random_eoa_account_range,
         };
-        use reth_primitives::{H256, U256};
+        use reth_primitives::{Account, H256, U256};
         use reth_provider::insert_canonical_block;
 
         let blocks = random_block_range(opts.blocks, H256::zero(), opts.txs);
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ impl AccountHashingStage {
         let transitions = std::cmp::min(opts.transitions, num_transitions);
 
         for block in blocks {
-            insert_canonical_block(&**tx, &block, true).unwrap();
+            insert_canonical_block(&**tx, block, None, true).unwrap();
         }
         let mut accounts = random_eoa_account_range(opts.accounts);
         {
@@ -203,37 +203,8 @@ impl<DB: Database> Stage<DB> for AccountHashingStage {
         let from_transition_rev = tx.get_block_transition(input.unwind_to)?;
         let to_transition_rev = tx.get_block_transition(input.stage_progress)?;
 
-        let mut hashed_accounts = tx.cursor_write::<tables::HashedAccount>()?;
-
         // Aggregate all transition changesets and and make list of account that have been changed.
-        tx.cursor_read::<tables::AccountChangeSet>()?
+        tx.unwind_account_hashing(from_transition_rev..to_transition_rev)?;
-            .walk_range(from_transition_rev..to_transition_rev)?
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?
-            .into_iter()
-            .rev()
-            // fold all account to get the old balance/nonces and account that needs to be removed
-            .fold(
-                BTreeMap::new(),
-                |mut accounts: BTreeMap<Address, Option<Account>>, (_, account_before)| {
-                    accounts.insert(account_before.address, account_before.info);
-                    accounts
-                },
-            )
-            .into_iter()
-            // hash addresses and collect it inside sorted BTreeMap.
-            // We are doing keccak only once per address.
-            .map(|(address, account)| (keccak256(address), account))
-            .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>()
-            .into_iter()
-            // Apply values to HashedState (if Account is None remove it);
-            .try_for_each(|(hashed_address, account)| -> Result<(), StageError> {
-                if let Some(account) = account {
-                    hashed_accounts.upsert(hashed_address, account)?;
-                } else if hashed_accounts.seek_exact(hashed_address)?.is_some() {
-                    hashed_accounts.delete_current()?;
-                }
-                Ok(())
-            })?;
 
         Ok(UnwindOutput { stage_progress: input.unwind_to })
     }
@@ -283,6 +254,7 @@ mod tests {
             ExecInput, ExecOutput, UnwindInput,
         };
         use reth_db::{cursor::DbCursorRO, tables, transaction::DbTx};
+        use reth_primitives::Address;
 
         pub(crate) struct AccountHashingTestRunner {
             pub(crate) tx: TestTransaction,

crates/stages/src/stages/hashing_storage.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 use crate::{ExecInput, ExecOutput, Stage, StageError, StageId, UnwindInput, UnwindOutput};
 use num_traits::Zero;
 use reth_db::{
-    cursor::{DbCursorRO, DbCursorRW, DbDupCursorRO},
+    cursor::DbDupCursorRO,
     database::Database,
     models::TransitionIdAddress,
     tables,
     transaction::{DbTx, DbTxMut},
 };
-use reth_primitives::{keccak256, Address, StorageEntry, H256, U256};
+use reth_primitives::{keccak256, Address, StorageEntry};
 use reth_provider::Transaction;
 use std::{collections::BTreeMap, fmt::Debug};
 use tracing::*;
@@ -154,47 +154,10 @@ impl<DB: Database> Stage<DB> for StorageHashingStage {
         let from_transition_rev = tx.get_block_transition(input.unwind_to)?;
         let to_transition_rev = tx.get_block_transition(input.stage_progress)?;
 
-        let mut hashed_storage = tx.cursor_dup_write::<tables::HashedStorage>()?;
+        tx.unwind_storage_hashing(
-
+            TransitionIdAddress((from_transition_rev, Address::zero()))..
-        // Aggregate all transition changesets and make list of accounts that have been changed.
+                TransitionIdAddress((to_transition_rev, Address::zero())),
-        tx.cursor_read::<tables::StorageChangeSet>()?
+        )?;
-            .walk_range(
-                TransitionIdAddress((from_transition_rev, Address::zero()))..
-                    TransitionIdAddress((to_transition_rev, Address::zero())),
-            )?
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?
-            .into_iter()
-            .rev()
-            // fold all account to get the old balance/nonces and account that needs to be removed
-            .fold(
-                BTreeMap::new(),
-                |mut accounts: BTreeMap<(Address, H256), U256>,
-                 (TransitionIdAddress((_, address)), storage_entry)| {
-                    accounts.insert((address, storage_entry.key), storage_entry.value);
-                    accounts
-                },
-            )
-            .into_iter()
-            // hash addresses and collect it inside sorted BTreeMap.
-            // We are doing keccak only once per address.
-            .map(|((address, key), value)| ((keccak256(address), keccak256(key)), value))
-            .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>()
-            .into_iter()
-            // Apply values to HashedStorage (if Value is zero just remove it);
-            .try_for_each(|((hashed_address, key), value)| -> Result<(), StageError> {
-                if hashed_storage
-                    .seek_by_key_subkey(hashed_address, key)?
-                    .filter(|entry| entry.key == key)
-                    .is_some()
-                {
-                    hashed_storage.delete_current()?;
-                }
-
-                if value != U256::ZERO {
-                    hashed_storage.upsert(hashed_address, StorageEntry { key, value })?;
-                }
-                Ok(())
-            })?;
 
         Ok(UnwindOutput { stage_progress: input.unwind_to })
     }
@@ -209,7 +172,7 @@ mod tests {
     };
     use assert_matches::assert_matches;
     use reth_db::{
-        cursor::DbCursorRW,
+        cursor::{DbCursorRO, DbCursorRW},
         mdbx::{tx::Tx, WriteMap, RW},
         models::{StoredBlockBody, TransitionIdAddress},
     };

crates/stages/src/stages/index_account_history.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,7 @@
 use crate::{ExecInput, ExecOutput, Stage, StageError, StageId, UnwindInput, UnwindOutput};
-use reth_db::{
+use reth_db::database::Database;
-    cursor::{DbCursorRO, DbCursorRW},
-    database::{Database, DatabaseGAT},
-    models::ShardedKey,
-    tables,
-    transaction::{DbTx, DbTxMut, DbTxMutGAT},
-    TransitionList,
-};
 use reth_provider::Transaction;
-
+use std::fmt::Debug;
-use reth_primitives::{Address, TransitionId};
-use std::{collections::BTreeMap, fmt::Debug};
 use tracing::*;
 
 /// The [`StageId`] of the account history indexing stage.
@@ -18,7 +9,7 @@ pub const INDEX_ACCOUNT_HISTORY: StageId = StageId("IndexAccountHistory");
 
 /// Stage is indexing history the account changesets generated in
 /// [`ExecutionStage`][crate::stages::ExecutionStage]. For more information
-/// on index sharding take a look at [`tables::AccountHistory`]
+/// on index sharding take a look at [`reth_db::tables::AccountHistory`]
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct IndexAccountHistoryStage {
     /// Number of blocks after which the control
@@ -75,84 +66,25 @@ impl<DB: Database> Stage<DB> for IndexAccountHistoryStage {
         let from_transition_rev = tx.get_block_transition(input.unwind_to)?;
         let to_transition_rev = tx.get_block_transition(input.stage_progress)?;
 
-        let mut cursor = tx.cursor_write::<tables::AccountHistory>()?;
+        tx.unwind_account_history_indices(from_transition_rev..to_transition_rev)?;
 
-        let account_changeset = tx
-            .cursor_read::<tables::AccountChangeSet>()?
-            .walk(Some(from_transition_rev))?
-            .take_while(|res| res.as_ref().map(|(k, _)| *k < to_transition_rev).unwrap_or_default())
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
-
-        let last_indices = account_changeset
-            .into_iter()
-            // reverse so we can get lowest transition id where we need to unwind account.
-            .rev()
-            // fold all account and get last transition index
-            .fold(BTreeMap::new(), |mut accounts: BTreeMap<Address, u64>, (index, account)| {
-                // we just need address and lowest transition id.
-                accounts.insert(account.address, index);
-                accounts
-            });
-        // try to unwind the index
-        for (address, rem_index) in last_indices {
-            let shard_part = unwind_account_history_shards::<DB>(&mut cursor, address, rem_index)?;
-
-            // check last shard_part, if present, items needs to be reinserted.
-            if !shard_part.is_empty() {
-                // there are items in list
-                tx.put::<tables::AccountHistory>(
-                    ShardedKey::new(address, u64::MAX),
-                    TransitionList::new(shard_part)
-                        .expect("There is at least one element in list and it is sorted."),
-                )?;
-            }
-        }
         // from HistoryIndex higher than that number.
         Ok(UnwindOutput { stage_progress: input.unwind_to })
     }
 }
 
-/// Unwind all history shards. For boundary shard, remove it from database and
-/// return last part of shard with still valid items. If all full shard were removed, return list
-/// would be empty.
-pub fn unwind_account_history_shards<DB: Database>(
-    cursor: &mut <<DB as DatabaseGAT<'_>>::TXMut as DbTxMutGAT<'_>>::CursorMut<
-        tables::AccountHistory,
-    >,
-    address: Address,
-    transition_id: TransitionId,
-) -> Result<Vec<usize>, StageError> {
-    let mut item = cursor.seek_exact(ShardedKey::new(address, u64::MAX))?;
-
-    while let Some((sharded_key, list)) = item {
-        // there is no more shard for address
-        if sharded_key.key != address {
-            break
-        }
-        cursor.delete_current()?;
-        // check first item and if it is more and eq than `transition_id` delete current
-        // item.
-        let first = list.iter(0).next().expect("List can't empty");
-        if first >= transition_id as usize {
-            item = cursor.prev()?;
-            continue
-        } else if transition_id <= sharded_key.highest_transition_id {
-            // if first element is in scope whole list would be removed.
-            // so at least this first element is present.
-            return Ok(list.iter(0).take_while(|i| *i < transition_id as usize).collect::<Vec<_>>())
-        } else {
-            let new_list = list.iter(0).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-            return Ok(new_list)
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(Vec::new())
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
     use super::*;
     use crate::test_utils::{TestTransaction, PREV_STAGE_ID};
-    use reth_db::models::{sharded_key::NUM_OF_INDICES_IN_SHARD, AccountBeforeTx};
+    use reth_db::{
+        models::{sharded_key::NUM_OF_INDICES_IN_SHARD, AccountBeforeTx, ShardedKey},
+        tables,
+        transaction::DbTxMut,
+        TransitionList,
+    };
     use reth_primitives::{hex_literal::hex, H160};
 
     const ADDRESS: H160 = H160(hex!("0000000000000000000000000000000000000001"));

crates/stages/src/stages/index_storage_history.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,8 @@
 use crate::{ExecInput, ExecOutput, Stage, StageError, StageId, UnwindInput, UnwindOutput};
-use reth_db::{
+use reth_db::{database::Database, models::TransitionIdAddress};
-    cursor::{DbCursorRO, DbCursorRW},
+use reth_primitives::Address;
-    database::{Database, DatabaseGAT},
-    models::storage_sharded_key::StorageShardedKey,
-    tables,
-    transaction::{DbTx, DbTxMut, DbTxMutGAT},
-    TransitionList,
-};
-use reth_primitives::{Address, TransitionId, H256};
 use reth_provider::Transaction;
-use std::{collections::BTreeMap, fmt::Debug};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
 use tracing::*;
 
 /// The [`StageId`] of the storage history indexing stage.
@@ -17,7 +10,7 @@ pub const INDEX_STORAGE_HISTORY: StageId = StageId("IndexStorageHistory");
 
 /// Stage is indexing history the account changesets generated in
 /// [`ExecutionStage`][crate::stages::ExecutionStage]. For more information
-/// on index sharding take a look at [`tables::StorageHistory`].
+/// on index sharding take a look at [`reth_db::tables::StorageHistory`].
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct IndexStorageHistoryStage {
     /// Number of blocks after which the control
@@ -74,94 +67,32 @@ impl<DB: Database> Stage<DB> for IndexStorageHistoryStage {
         let from_transition_rev = tx.get_block_transition(input.unwind_to)?;
         let to_transition_rev = tx.get_block_transition(input.stage_progress)?;
 
-        let mut cursor = tx.cursor_write::<tables::StorageHistory>()?;
+        tx.unwind_storage_history_indices(
+            TransitionIdAddress((from_transition_rev, Address::zero()))..
+                TransitionIdAddress((to_transition_rev, Address::zero())),
+        )?;
 
-        let storage_changesets = tx
-            .cursor_read::<tables::StorageChangeSet>()?
-            .walk(Some((from_transition_rev, Address::zero()).into()))?
-            .take_while(|res| {
-                res.as_ref().map(|(k, _)| k.transition_id() < to_transition_rev).unwrap_or_default()
-            })
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
-        let last_indices = storage_changesets
-            .into_iter()
-            // reverse so we can get lowest transition id where we need to unwind account.
-            .rev()
-            // fold all storages and get last transition index
-            .fold(
-                BTreeMap::new(),
-                |mut accounts: BTreeMap<(Address, H256), u64>, (index, storage)| {
-                    // we just need address and lowest transition id.
-                    accounts.insert((index.address(), storage.key), index.transition_id());
-                    accounts
-                },
-            );
-        for ((address, storage_key), rem_index) in last_indices {
-            let shard_part =
-                unwind_storage_history_shards::<DB>(&mut cursor, address, storage_key, rem_index)?;
-
-            // check last shard_part, if present, items needs to be reinserted.
-            if !shard_part.is_empty() {
-                // there are items in list
-                tx.put::<tables::StorageHistory>(
-                    StorageShardedKey::new(address, storage_key, u64::MAX),
-                    TransitionList::new(shard_part)
-                        .expect("There is at least one element in list and it is sorted."),
-                )?;
-            }
-        }
         Ok(UnwindOutput { stage_progress: input.unwind_to })
     }
 }
 
-/// Unwind all history shards. For boundary shard, remove it from database and
-/// return last part of shard with still valid items. If all full shard were removed, return list
-/// would be empty but this does not mean that there is none shard left but that there is no
-/// splitted shards.
-pub fn unwind_storage_history_shards<DB: Database>(
-    cursor: &mut <<DB as DatabaseGAT<'_>>::TXMut as DbTxMutGAT<'_>>::CursorMut<
-        tables::StorageHistory,
-    >,
-    address: Address,
-    storage_key: H256,
-    transition_id: TransitionId,
-) -> Result<Vec<usize>, StageError> {
-    let mut item = cursor.seek_exact(StorageShardedKey::new(address, storage_key, u64::MAX))?;
-
-    while let Some((storage_sharded_key, list)) = item {
-        // there is no more shard for address
-        if storage_sharded_key.address != address ||
-            storage_sharded_key.sharded_key.key != storage_key
-        {
-            // there is no more shard for address and storage_key.
-            break
-        }
-        cursor.delete_current()?;
-        // check first item and if it is more and eq than `transition_id` delete current
-        // item.
-        let first = list.iter(0).next().expect("List can't empty");
-        if first >= transition_id as usize {
-            item = cursor.prev()?;
-            continue
-        } else if transition_id <= storage_sharded_key.sharded_key.highest_transition_id {
-            // if first element is in scope whole list would be removed.
-            // so at least this first element is present.
-            return Ok(list.iter(0).take_while(|i| *i < transition_id as usize).collect::<Vec<_>>())
-        } else {
-            return Ok(list.iter(0).collect::<Vec<_>>())
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(Vec::new())
-}
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 
+    use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
     use super::*;
     use crate::test_utils::{TestTransaction, PREV_STAGE_ID};
-    use reth_db::models::{
+    use reth_db::{
-        storage_sharded_key::NUM_OF_INDICES_IN_SHARD, ShardedKey, TransitionIdAddress,
+        models::{
+            storage_sharded_key::{StorageShardedKey, NUM_OF_INDICES_IN_SHARD},
+            ShardedKey, TransitionIdAddress,
+        },
+        tables,
+        transaction::DbTxMut,
+        TransitionList,
     };
-    use reth_primitives::{hex_literal::hex, StorageEntry, H160, U256};
+    use reth_primitives::{hex_literal::hex, StorageEntry, H160, H256, U256};
 
     const ADDRESS: H160 = H160(hex!("0000000000000000000000000000000000000001"));
     const STORAGE_KEY: H256 =

crates/stages/src/stages/tx_lookup.rs

@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ impl<DB: Database> Stage<DB> for TransactionLookupStage {
     ) -> Result<UnwindOutput, StageError> {
         info!(target: "sync::stages::transaction_lookup", to_block = input.unwind_to, "Unwinding");
         // Cursors to unwind tx hash to number
-        let mut body_cursor = tx.cursor_write::<tables::BlockBodies>()?;
+        let mut body_cursor = tx.cursor_read::<tables::BlockBodies>()?;
         let mut tx_hash_number_cursor = tx.cursor_write::<tables::TxHashNumber>()?;
-        let mut transaction_cursor = tx.cursor_write::<tables::Transactions>()?;
+        let mut transaction_cursor = tx.cursor_read::<tables::Transactions>()?;
         let mut rev_walker = body_cursor.walk_back(None)?;
         while let Some((number, body)) = rev_walker.next().transpose()? {
             if number <= input.unwind_to {

crates/stages/src/test_utils/test_db.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use reth_db::{
+    common::KeyValue,
     cursor::{DbCursorRO, DbCursorRW, DbDupCursorRO},
     mdbx::{
         test_utils::{create_test_db, create_test_db_with_path},
@@ -88,9 +89,8 @@ impl TestTransaction {
         })
     }
 
-    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
     /// Return full table as Vec
-    pub fn table<T: Table>(&self) -> Result<Vec<(T::Key, T::Value)>, DbError>
+    pub fn table<T: Table>(&self) -> Result<Vec<KeyValue<T>>, DbError>
     where
         T::Key: Default + Ord,
     {

crates/storage/db/src/abstraction/common.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+/// Alias type containing key value pairs.
+pub type KeyValue<T> = (<T as Table>::Key, <T as Table>::Value);
 /// Alias type for a `(key, value)` result coming from a cursor.
-pub type PairResult<T> = Result<Option<(<T as Table>::Key, <T as Table>::Value)>, Error>;
+pub type PairResult<T> = Result<Option<KeyValue<T>>, Error>;
 /// Alias type for a `(key, value)` result coming from an iterator.
-pub type IterPairResult<T> = Option<Result<(<T as Table>::Key, <T as Table>::Value), Error>>;
+pub type IterPairResult<T> = Option<Result<KeyValue<T>, Error>>;
 /// Alias type for a value result coming from a cursor without its key.
 pub type ValueOnlyResult<T> = Result<Option<<T as Table>::Value>, Error>;
 

crates/storage/db/src/abstraction/cursor.rs

@@ -159,6 +159,15 @@ impl<'cursor, 'tx, T: Table, CURSOR: DbCursorRO<'tx, T>> Walker<'cursor, 'tx, T,
     }
 }
 
+impl<'cursor, 'tx, T: Table, CURSOR: DbCursorRW<'tx, T> + DbCursorRO<'tx, T>>
+    Walker<'cursor, 'tx, T, CURSOR>
+{
+    /// Delete current item that walker points to.
+    pub fn delete_current(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.cursor.delete_current()
+    }
+}
+
 /// Provides a reverse iterator to `Cursor` when handling `Table`.
 /// Also check [`Walker`]
 pub struct ReverseWalker<'cursor, 'tx, T: Table, CURSOR: DbCursorRO<'tx, T>> {
@@ -183,6 +192,15 @@ impl<'cursor, 'tx, T: Table, CURSOR: DbCursorRO<'tx, T>> ReverseWalker<'cursor,
     }
 }
 
+impl<'cursor, 'tx, T: Table, CURSOR: DbCursorRW<'tx, T> + DbCursorRO<'tx, T>>
+    ReverseWalker<'cursor, 'tx, T, CURSOR>
+{
+    /// Delete current item that walker points to.
+    pub fn delete_current(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.cursor.delete_current()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'cursor, 'tx, T: Table, CURSOR: DbCursorRO<'tx, T>> std::iter::Iterator
     for ReverseWalker<'cursor, 'tx, T, CURSOR>
 {
@@ -268,6 +286,15 @@ impl<'cursor, 'tx, T: Table, CURSOR: DbCursorRO<'tx, T>> RangeWalker<'cursor, 't
     }
 }
 
+impl<'cursor, 'tx, T: Table, CURSOR: DbCursorRW<'tx, T> + DbCursorRO<'tx, T>>
+    RangeWalker<'cursor, 'tx, T, CURSOR>
+{
+    /// Delete current item that walker points to.
+    pub fn delete_current(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.cursor.delete_current()
+    }
+}
+
 /// Provides an iterator to `Cursor` when handling a `DupSort` table.
 ///
 /// Reason why we have two lifetimes is to distinguish between `'cursor` lifetime
@@ -282,6 +309,15 @@ pub struct DupWalker<'cursor, 'tx, T: DupSort, CURSOR: DbDupCursorRO<'tx, T>> {
     pub _tx_phantom: PhantomData<&'tx T>,
 }
 
+impl<'cursor, 'tx, T: DupSort, CURSOR: DbCursorRW<'tx, T> + DbDupCursorRO<'tx, T>>
+    DupWalker<'cursor, 'tx, T, CURSOR>
+{
+    /// Delete current item that walker points to.
+    pub fn delete_current(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.cursor.delete_current()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'cursor, 'tx, T: DupSort, CURSOR: DbDupCursorRO<'tx, T>> std::iter::Iterator
     for DupWalker<'cursor, 'tx, T, CURSOR>
 {

crates/storage/db/src/abstraction/database.rs

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub trait Database: for<'a> DatabaseGAT<'a> {
     /// the end of the execution.
     fn update<T, F>(&self, f: F) -> Result<T, Error>
     where
-        F: Fn(&<Self as DatabaseGAT<'_>>::TXMut) -> T,
+        F: FnOnce(&<Self as DatabaseGAT<'_>>::TXMut) -> T,
     {
         let tx = self.tx_mut()?;
 

crates/storage/db/src/implementation/mdbx/cursor.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::Bound, marker::PhantomData, ops::RangeBounds};
 
 use crate::{
+    common::{PairResult, ValueOnlyResult},
     cursor::{
         DbCursorRO, DbCursorRW, DbDupCursorRO, DbDupCursorRW, DupWalker, RangeWalker,
         ReverseWalker, Walker,
@@ -13,13 +14,6 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use reth_libmdbx::{self, Error as MDBXError, TransactionKind, WriteFlags, RO, RW};
 
-/// Alias type for a `(key, value)` result coming from a cursor.
-pub type PairResult<T> = Result<Option<(<T as Table>::Key, <T as Table>::Value)>, Error>;
-/// Alias type for a `(key, value)` result coming from an iterator.
-pub type IterPairResult<T> = Option<Result<(<T as Table>::Key, <T as Table>::Value), Error>>;
-/// Alias type for a value result coming from a cursor without its key.
-pub type ValueOnlyResult<T> = Result<Option<<T as Table>::Value>, Error>;
-
 /// Read only Cursor.
 pub type CursorRO<'tx, T> = Cursor<'tx, RO, T>;
 /// Read write cursor.

crates/storage/db/src/tables/models/blocks.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub type NumTransactions = u64;
 pub struct StoredBlockBody {
     /// The id of the first transaction in this block
     pub start_tx_id: TxNumber,
-    /// The total number of transactions
+    /// The total number of transactions in the block
     pub tx_count: NumTransactions,
 }
 
@@ -40,10 +40,20 @@ impl StoredBlockBody {
         self.start_tx_id.saturating_add(self.tx_count).saturating_sub(1)
     }
 
+    /// First transaction index.
+    pub fn first_tx_index(&self) -> TxNumber {
+        self.start_tx_id
+    }
+
     /// Return a flag whether the block is empty
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
         self.tx_count == 0
     }
+
+    /// Return number of transaction inside block
+    pub fn tx_count(&self) -> NumTransactions {
+        self.tx_count
+    }
 }
 
 /// The storage representation of a block ommers.

crates/storage/provider/Cargo.toml

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ parking_lot = { version = "0.12", optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 reth-db = { path = "../db", features = ["test-utils"] }
+reth-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", features = ["arbitrary"] }
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 proptest = { version = "1.0" }
 assert_matches = "1.5"

crates/storage/provider/src/execution_result.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
 /// Execution Result containing vector of transaction changesets
 /// and block reward if present
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Clone)]
 pub struct ExecutionResult {
     /// Transaction changeset containing [Receipt], changed [Accounts][Account] and Storages.
     pub tx_changesets: Vec<TransactionChangeSet>,
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub struct ExecutionResult {
 /// transaction [Receipt] every change to state ([Account], Storage, [Bytecode])
 /// that this transaction made and its old values
 /// so that history account table can be updated.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Clone)]
 pub struct TransactionChangeSet {
     /// Transaction receipt
     pub receipt: Receipt,
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ pub struct TransactionChangeSet {
 /// Contains old/new account changes
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum AccountInfoChangeSet {
-    /// The account is newly created.
+    /// The account is newly created. Account can be created by just by sending balance,
+    ///
+    /// Revert of this changeset is empty account,
     Created {
         /// The newly created account.
         new: Account,
@@ -41,11 +43,15 @@ pub enum AccountInfoChangeSet {
     /// An account was deleted (selfdestructed) or we have touched
     /// an empty account and we need to remove/destroy it.
     /// (Look at state clearing [EIP-158](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-158))
+    ///
+    /// Revert of this changeset is old account
     Destroyed {
         /// The account that was destroyed.
         old: Account,
     },
     /// The account was changed.
+    ///
+    /// revert of this changeset is old account
     Changed {
         /// The account after the change.
         new: Account,
@@ -54,12 +60,34 @@ pub enum AccountInfoChangeSet {
     },
     /// Nothing was changed for the account (nonce/balance).
     NoChange {
-        /// Useful to clear existing empty accounts pre-EIP-161.
+        /// Used to clear existing empty accounts pre-EIP-161.
         is_empty: bool,
     },
 }
 
+impl Default for AccountInfoChangeSet {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        AccountInfoChangeSet::NoChange { is_empty: false }
+    }
+}
+
 impl AccountInfoChangeSet {
+    /// Create new account info changeset
+    pub fn new(old: Option<Account>, new: Option<Account>) -> Self {
+        match (old, new) {
+            (Some(old), Some(new)) => {
+                if new != old {
+                    Self::Changed { new, old }
+                } else {
+                    if new.is_empty() {}
+                    Self::NoChange { is_empty: true }
+                }
+            }
+            (None, Some(new)) => Self::Created { new },
+            (Some(old), None) => Self::Destroyed { old },
+            (None, None) => Self::NoChange { is_empty: false },
+        }
+    }
     /// Apply the changes from the changeset to a database transaction.
     pub fn apply_to_db<'a, TX: DbTxMut<'a>>(
         self,
@@ -108,7 +136,7 @@ impl AccountInfoChangeSet {
 }
 
 /// Diff change set that is needed for creating history index and updating current world state.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Clone)]
 pub struct AccountChangeSet {
     /// Old and New account account change.
     pub account: AccountInfoChangeSet,

crates/storage/provider/src/providers/mod.rs

@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ pub struct ShareableDatabase<DB> {
 
 impl<DB> ShareableDatabase<DB> {
     /// create new database provider
-    pub fn new(db: DB, chain_spec: ChainSpec) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(db: DB, chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>) -> Self {
-        Self { db, chain_spec: Arc::new(chain_spec) }
+        Self { db, chain_spec }
     }
 }
 
@@ -366,6 +366,8 @@ impl<DB: Database> StateProviderFactory for ShareableDatabase<DB> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
     use super::ShareableDatabase;
     use crate::{BlockIdProvider, StateProviderFactory};
     use reth_db::mdbx::{test_utils::create_test_db, EnvKind, WriteMap};
@@ -375,7 +377,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn common_history_provider() {
         let chain_spec = ChainSpecBuilder::mainnet().build();
         let db = create_test_db::<WriteMap>(EnvKind::RW);
-        let provider = ShareableDatabase::new(db, chain_spec);
+        let provider = ShareableDatabase::new(db, Arc::new(chain_spec));
         let _ = provider.latest();
     }
 
@@ -383,7 +385,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn default_chain_info() {
         let chain_spec = ChainSpecBuilder::mainnet().build();
         let db = create_test_db::<WriteMap>(EnvKind::RW);
-        let provider = ShareableDatabase::new(db, chain_spec);
+        let provider = ShareableDatabase::new(db, Arc::new(chain_spec));
 
         let chain_info = provider.chain_info().expect("should be ok");
         assert_eq!(chain_info.best_number, 0);

crates/storage/provider/src/providers/state/historical.rs

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, TX: DbTx<'a>> StateProvider for HistoricalStateProviderRef<'a, 'b,
         _address: Address,
         _keys: &[H256],
     ) -> Result<(Vec<Bytes>, H256, Vec<Vec<Bytes>>)> {
-        todo!("this should retrieve past state info and generate proof")
+        Err(ProviderError::HistoryStateRoot.into())
     }
 }
 

crates/storage/provider/src/providers/state/latest.rs

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, TX: DbTx<'a>> StateProvider for LatestStateProviderRef<'a, 'b, TX>
 
         let (account_proof, storage_root) = loader
             .generate_acount_proof(root, hashed_address)
-            .map_err(|_| ProviderError::StateTree)?;
+            .map_err(|_| ProviderError::StateTrie)?;
         let account_proof = account_proof.into_iter().map(Bytes::from).collect();
 
         let storage_proof = if storage_root == KECCAK_EMPTY {
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, TX: DbTx<'a>> StateProvider for LatestStateProviderRef<'a, 'b, TX>
             let hashed_keys: Vec<H256> = keys.iter().map(keccak256).collect();
             loader
                 .generate_storage_proofs(storage_root, hashed_address, &hashed_keys)
-                .map_err(|_| ProviderError::StateTree)?
+                .map_err(|_| ProviderError::StateTrie)?
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|v| v.into_iter().map(Bytes::from).collect())
                 .collect()

crates/storage/provider/src/test_utils/blocks.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+//! Dummy blocks and data for tests
+
+use crate::{
+    execution_result::{
+        AccountChangeSet, AccountInfoChangeSet, ExecutionResult, TransactionChangeSet,
+    },
+    Transaction,
+};
+use reth_db::{database::Database, models::StoredBlockBody, tables};
+use reth_primitives::{
+    hex_literal::hex, proofs::EMPTY_ROOT, Account, Header, Receipt, SealedBlock,
+    SealedBlockWithSenders, Withdrawal, H160, H256, U256,
+};
+use reth_rlp::Decodable;
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+/// Assert genesis block
+pub fn assert_genesis_block<DB: Database>(tx: &Transaction<'_, DB>, g: SealedBlock) {
+    let n = g.number;
+    let h = H256::zero();
+    // check if all tables are empty
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::Headers>().unwrap(), vec![(g.number, g.header.clone().unseal())]);
+
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::HeaderNumbers>().unwrap(), vec![(h, n)]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::CanonicalHeaders>().unwrap(), vec![(n, h)]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::HeaderTD>().unwrap(), vec![(n, g.difficulty.into())]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::BlockBodies>().unwrap(), vec![(0, StoredBlockBody::default())]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::BlockOmmers>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::BlockWithdrawals>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::Transactions>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::TxHashNumber>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::Receipts>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::PlainAccountState>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::PlainStorageState>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::AccountHistory>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::StorageHistory>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    // TODO check after this gets done: https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth/issues/1588
+    // Bytecodes are not reverted assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::Bytecodes>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::BlockTransitionIndex>().unwrap(), vec![(n, 0)]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::TxTransitionIndex>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::AccountChangeSet>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::StorageChangeSet>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::HashedAccount>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::HashedStorage>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::AccountsTrie>().unwrap(), vec![(EMPTY_ROOT, vec![0x80])]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::StoragesTrie>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(tx.table::<tables::TxSenders>().unwrap(), vec![]);
+    // SyncStage is not updated in tests
+}
+
+/// Test chain with genesis, blocks, execution results
+/// that have correcte changesets.
+pub struct BlockChainTestData {
+    /// Genesis
+    pub genesis: SealedBlock,
+    /// Blocks with its execution result
+    pub blocks: Vec<(SealedBlockWithSenders, ExecutionResult)>,
+}
+
+impl Default for BlockChainTestData {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self { genesis: genesis(), blocks: vec![block1(), block2()] }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Genesis block
+pub fn genesis() -> SealedBlock {
+    SealedBlock {
+        header: Header { number: 0, difficulty: U256::from(1), ..Default::default() }
+            .seal(H256::zero()),
+        body: vec![],
+        ommers: vec![],
+        withdrawals: Some(vec![]),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Block one that points to genesis
+fn block1() -> (SealedBlockWithSenders, ExecutionResult) {
+    let mut block_rlp = hex!("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").as_slice();
+    let mut block = SealedBlock::decode(&mut block_rlp).unwrap();
+    block.withdrawals = Some(vec![Withdrawal::default()]);
+    let mut header = block.header.clone().unseal();
+    header.number = 1;
+    header.state_root =
+        H256(hex!("5d035ccb3e75a9057452ff060b773b213ec1fc353426174068edfc3971a0b6bd"));
+    header.parent_hash = H256::zero();
+    block.header = header.seal_slow();
+
+    let mut account_changeset = AccountChangeSet {
+        account: AccountInfoChangeSet::Created {
+            new: Account { nonce: 1, balance: U256::from(10), bytecode_hash: None },
+        },
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    account_changeset.storage.insert(U256::from(5), (U256::ZERO, U256::from(10)));
+
+    let exec_res = ExecutionResult {
+        tx_changesets: vec![TransactionChangeSet {
+            receipt: Receipt::default(), /* receipts are not saved. */
+            changeset: BTreeMap::from([(H160([0x60; 20]), account_changeset.clone())]),
+            new_bytecodes: BTreeMap::from([]),
+        }],
+        block_changesets: BTreeMap::from([(H160([0x61; 20]), account_changeset.account)]),
+    };
+
+    (SealedBlockWithSenders { block, senders: vec![H160([0x30; 20])] }, exec_res)
+}
+
+/// Block two that points to block 1
+fn block2() -> (SealedBlockWithSenders, ExecutionResult) {
+    let mut block_rlp = hex!("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").as_slice();
+    let mut block = SealedBlock::decode(&mut block_rlp).unwrap();
+    block.withdrawals = Some(vec![Withdrawal::default()]);
+    let mut header = block.header.clone().unseal();
+    header.number = 2;
+    header.state_root =
+        H256(hex!("90101a13dd059fa5cca99ed93d1dc23657f63626c5b8f993a2ccbdf7446b64f8"));
+    // parent_hash points to block1 hash
+    header.parent_hash =
+        H256(hex!("d846db2ab174c492cfe985c18fa75b154e20572bc33bb1c67cf5d2995791bdb7"));
+    block.header = header.seal_slow();
+
+    let mut account_changeset = AccountChangeSet::default();
+    // storage will be moved
+    let info_changeset = AccountInfoChangeSet::Changed {
+        old: Account { nonce: 1, balance: U256::from(10), bytecode_hash: None },
+        new: Account { nonce: 2, balance: U256::from(15), bytecode_hash: None },
+    };
+    account_changeset.account = info_changeset;
+    account_changeset.storage.insert(U256::from(5), (U256::from(10), U256::from(15)));
+
+    let block_changeset = AccountInfoChangeSet::Changed {
+        old: Account { nonce: 2, balance: U256::from(15), bytecode_hash: None },
+        new: Account { nonce: 3, balance: U256::from(20), bytecode_hash: None },
+    };
+    let exec_res = ExecutionResult {
+        tx_changesets: vec![TransactionChangeSet {
+            receipt: Receipt::default(), /* receipts are not saved. */
+            changeset: BTreeMap::from([(H160([0x60; 20]), account_changeset.clone())]),
+            new_bytecodes: BTreeMap::from([]),
+        }],
+        block_changesets: BTreeMap::from([(H160([0x60; 20]), block_changeset)]),
+    };
+
+    (SealedBlockWithSenders { block, senders: vec![H160([0x31; 20])] }, exec_res)
+}

crates/storage/provider/src/test_utils/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+pub mod blocks;
 mod mock;
 mod noop;
 

crates/storage/provider/src/traits/account.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use reth_interfaces::Result;
 use reth_primitives::{Account, Address};
 
 /// Account provider
-#[auto_impl(&)]
+#[auto_impl(&,Box)]
 pub trait AccountProvider: Send + Sync {
     /// Get basic account information.
     fn basic_account(&self, address: Address) -> Result<Option<Account>>;

crates/storage/provider/src/traits/block_hash.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use reth_interfaces::Result;
 use reth_primitives::{H256, U256};
 
 /// Client trait for fetching block hashes by number.
-#[auto_impl(&, Arc)]
+#[auto_impl(&, Arc, Box)]
 pub trait BlockHashProvider: Send + Sync {
     /// Get the hash of the block with the given number. Returns `None` if no block with this number
     /// exists.

crates/storage/provider/src/transaction.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-use itertools::Itertools;
+use itertools::{izip, Itertools};
 use reth_db::{
+    common::KeyValue,
     cursor::{DbCursorRO, DbCursorRW, DbDupCursorRO},
     database::{Database, DatabaseGAT},
     models::{
@@ -9,22 +10,24 @@ use reth_db::{
     },
     table::Table,
     tables,
-    transaction::{DbTx, DbTxMut},
+    transaction::{DbTx, DbTxMut, DbTxMutGAT},
     TransitionList,
 };
 use reth_interfaces::{db::Error as DbError, provider::ProviderError};
 use reth_primitives::{
-    keccak256, Account, Address, BlockHash, BlockNumber, Bytecode, ChainSpec, Hardfork, Header,
+    keccak256, proofs::EMPTY_ROOT, Account, Address, BlockHash, BlockNumber, Bytecode, ChainSpec,
-    SealedBlock, StorageEntry, TransitionId, TxNumber, H256, U256,
+    Hardfork, Header, Receipt, SealedBlock, SealedBlockWithSenders, StorageEntry,
+    TransactionSignedEcRecovered, TransitionId, TxNumber, H256, U256,
 };
 use reth_tracing::tracing::{info, trace};
 use std::{
-    collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet},
+    collections::{btree_map::Entry, BTreeMap, BTreeSet},
     fmt::Debug,
-    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+    ops::{Bound, Deref, DerefMut, Range, RangeBounds},
 };
 
 use crate::{
+    execution_result::{AccountInfoChangeSet, TransactionChangeSet},
     insert_canonical_block,
     trie::{DBTrieLoader, TrieError},
 };
@@ -274,19 +277,261 @@ impl<'this, DB> Transaction<'this, DB>
 where
     DB: Database,
 {
+    /// Get requested blocks transaction with signer
+    pub fn get_block_transaction_range(
+        &self,
+        range: impl RangeBounds<BlockNumber> + Clone,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<(BlockNumber, Vec<TransactionSignedEcRecovered>)>, TransactionError> {
+        self.get_take_block_transaction_range::<false>(range)
+    }
+
+    /// Take requested blocks transaction with signer
+    pub fn take_block_transaction_range(
+        &self,
+        range: impl RangeBounds<BlockNumber> + Clone,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<(BlockNumber, Vec<TransactionSignedEcRecovered>)>, TransactionError> {
+        self.get_take_block_transaction_range::<true>(range)
+    }
+
+    /// Return range of blocks and its execution result
+    pub fn get_block_range(
+        &self,
+        chain_spec: &ChainSpec,
+        range: impl RangeBounds<BlockNumber> + Clone,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<SealedBlockWithSenders>, TransactionError> {
+        self.get_take_block_range::<false>(chain_spec, range)
+    }
+
+    /// Return range of blocks and its execution result
+    pub fn take_block_range(
+        &self,
+        chain_spec: &ChainSpec,
+        range: impl RangeBounds<BlockNumber> + Clone,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<SealedBlockWithSenders>, TransactionError> {
+        self.get_take_block_range::<true>(chain_spec, range)
+    }
+
+    /// Transverse over changesets and plain state and recreated the execution results.
+    ///
+    /// Return results from database.
+    pub fn get_block_execution_result_range(
+        &self,
+        range: impl RangeBounds<BlockNumber> + Clone,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<ExecutionResult>, TransactionError> {
+        self.get_take_block_execution_result_range::<false>(range)
+    }
+
+    /// Transverse over changesets and plain state and recreated the execution results.
+    ///
+    /// Get results and remove them from database
+    pub fn take_block_execution_result_range(
+        &self,
+        range: impl RangeBounds<BlockNumber> + Clone,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<ExecutionResult>, TransactionError> {
+        self.get_take_block_execution_result_range::<true>(range)
+    }
+
+    /// Get range of blocks and its execution result
+    pub fn get_block_and_execution_range(
+        &self,
+        chain_spec: &ChainSpec,
+        range: impl RangeBounds<BlockNumber> + Clone,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<(SealedBlockWithSenders, ExecutionResult)>, TransactionError> {
+        self.get_take_block_and_execution_range::<false>(chain_spec, range)
+    }
+
+    /// Take range of blocks and its execution result
+    pub fn take_block_and_execution_range(
+        &self,
+        chain_spec: &ChainSpec,
+        range: impl RangeBounds<BlockNumber> + Clone,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<(SealedBlockWithSenders, ExecutionResult)>, TransactionError> {
+        self.get_take_block_and_execution_range::<true>(chain_spec, range)
+    }
+
+    /// Unwind and clear account hashing
+    pub fn unwind_account_hashing(
+        &self,
+        range: Range<TransitionId>,
+    ) -> Result<(), TransactionError> {
+        let mut hashed_accounts = self.cursor_write::<tables::HashedAccount>()?;
+
+        // Aggregate all transition changesets and and make list of account that have been changed.
+        self.cursor_read::<tables::AccountChangeSet>()?
+            .walk_range(range)?
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?
+            .into_iter()
+            .rev()
+            // fold all account to get the old balance/nonces and account that needs to be removed
+            .fold(
+                BTreeMap::new(),
+                |mut accounts: BTreeMap<Address, Option<Account>>, (_, account_before)| {
+                    accounts.insert(account_before.address, account_before.info);
+                    accounts
+                },
+            )
+            .into_iter()
+            // hash addresses and collect it inside sorted BTreeMap.
+            // We are doing keccak only once per address.
+            .map(|(address, account)| (keccak256(address), account))
+            .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>()
+            .into_iter()
+            // Apply values to HashedState (if Account is None remove it);
+            .try_for_each(|(hashed_address, account)| -> Result<(), TransactionError> {
+                if let Some(account) = account {
+                    hashed_accounts.upsert(hashed_address, account)?;
+                } else if hashed_accounts.seek_exact(hashed_address)?.is_some() {
+                    hashed_accounts.delete_current()?;
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            })?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Unwind and clear storage hashing
+    pub fn unwind_storage_hashing(
+        &self,
+        range: Range<TransitionIdAddress>,
+    ) -> Result<(), TransactionError> {
+        let mut hashed_storage = self.cursor_dup_write::<tables::HashedStorage>()?;
+
+        // Aggregate all transition changesets and make list of accounts that have been changed.
+        self.cursor_read::<tables::StorageChangeSet>()?
+            .walk_range(range)?
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?
+            .into_iter()
+            .rev()
+            // fold all account to get the old balance/nonces and account that needs to be removed
+            .fold(
+                BTreeMap::new(),
+                |mut accounts: BTreeMap<(Address, H256), U256>,
+                 (TransitionIdAddress((_, address)), storage_entry)| {
+                    accounts.insert((address, storage_entry.key), storage_entry.value);
+                    accounts
+                },
+            )
+            .into_iter()
+            // hash addresses and collect it inside sorted BTreeMap.
+            // We are doing keccak only once per address.
+            .map(|((address, key), value)| ((keccak256(address), keccak256(key)), value))
+            .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>()
+            .into_iter()
+            // Apply values to HashedStorage (if Value is zero just remove it);
+            .try_for_each(|((hashed_address, key), value)| -> Result<(), TransactionError> {
+                if hashed_storage
+                    .seek_by_key_subkey(hashed_address, key)?
+                    .filter(|entry| entry.key == key)
+                    .is_some()
+                {
+                    hashed_storage.delete_current()?;
+                }
+
+                if value != U256::ZERO {
+                    hashed_storage.upsert(hashed_address, StorageEntry { key, value })?;
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            })?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Unwind and clear account history indices
+    pub fn unwind_account_history_indices(
+        &self,
+        range: Range<TransitionId>,
+    ) -> Result<(), TransactionError> {
+        let mut cursor = self.cursor_write::<tables::AccountHistory>()?;
+
+        let account_changeset = self
+            .cursor_read::<tables::AccountChangeSet>()?
+            .walk_range(range)?
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+        let last_indices = account_changeset
+            .into_iter()
+            // reverse so we can get lowest transition id where we need to unwind account.
+            .rev()
+            // fold all account and get last transition index
+            .fold(BTreeMap::new(), |mut accounts: BTreeMap<Address, u64>, (index, account)| {
+                // we just need address and lowest transition id.
+                accounts.insert(account.address, index);
+                accounts
+            });
+        // try to unwind the index
+        for (address, rem_index) in last_indices {
+            let shard_part = unwind_account_history_shards::<DB>(&mut cursor, address, rem_index)?;
+
+            // check last shard_part, if present, items needs to be reinserted.
+            if !shard_part.is_empty() {
+                // there are items in list
+                self.put::<tables::AccountHistory>(
+                    ShardedKey::new(address, u64::MAX),
+                    TransitionList::new(shard_part)
+                        .expect("There is at least one element in list and it is sorted."),
+                )?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Unwind and clear storage history indices
+    pub fn unwind_storage_history_indices(
+        &self,
+        range: Range<TransitionIdAddress>,
+    ) -> Result<(), TransactionError> {
+        let mut cursor = self.cursor_write::<tables::StorageHistory>()?;
+
+        let storage_changesets = self
+            .cursor_read::<tables::StorageChangeSet>()?
+            .walk_range(range)?
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+        let last_indices = storage_changesets
+            .into_iter()
+            // reverse so we can get lowest transition id where we need to unwind account.
+            .rev()
+            // fold all storages and get last transition index
+            .fold(
+                BTreeMap::new(),
+                |mut accounts: BTreeMap<(Address, H256), u64>, (index, storage)| {
+                    // we just need address and lowest transition id.
+                    accounts.insert((index.address(), storage.key), index.transition_id());
+                    accounts
+                },
+            );
+        for ((address, storage_key), rem_index) in last_indices {
+            let shard_part =
+                unwind_storage_history_shards::<DB>(&mut cursor, address, storage_key, rem_index)?;
+
+            // check last shard_part, if present, items needs to be reinserted.
+            if !shard_part.is_empty() {
+                // there are items in list
+                self.put::<tables::StorageHistory>(
+                    StorageShardedKey::new(address, storage_key, u64::MAX),
+                    TransitionList::new(shard_part)
+                        .expect("There is at least one element in list and it is sorted."),
+                )?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     /// Insert full block and make it canonical
     ///
     /// This is atomic operation and transaction will do one commit at the end of the function.
     pub fn insert_block(
         &mut self,
-        block: &SealedBlock,
+        block: SealedBlockWithSenders,
         chain_spec: &ChainSpec,
         changeset: ExecutionResult,
     ) -> Result<(), TransactionError> {
         // Header, Body, SenderRecovery, TD, TxLookup stages
-        let (from, to) = insert_canonical_block(self.deref_mut(), block, false).unwrap();
+        let (block, senders) = block.into_components();
+        let block_number = block.number;
+        let block_state_root = block.state_root;
+        let block_hash = block.hash();
+        let parent_block_number = block.number.saturating_sub(1);
 
-        let parent_block_number = block.number - 1;
+        let (from, to) =
+            insert_canonical_block(self.deref_mut(), block, Some(senders), false).unwrap();
 
         // execution stage
         self.insert_execution_result(vec![changeset], chain_spec, parent_block_number)?;
@@ -310,12 +555,12 @@ where
             let current_root = self.get_header(parent_block_number)?.state_root;
             let mut loader = DBTrieLoader::new(self.deref_mut());
             let root = loader.update_root(current_root, from..to).and_then(|e| e.root())?;
-            if root != block.state_root {
+            if root != block_state_root {
                 return Err(TransactionError::StateTrieRootMismatch {
                     got: root,
-                    expected: block.state_root,
+                    expected: block_state_root,
-                    block_number: block.number,
+                    block_number,
-                    block_hash: block.hash(),
+                    block_hash,
                 })
             }
         }
@@ -332,8 +577,488 @@ where
             self.insert_storage_history_index(indices)?;
         }
 
-        // commit block to database
+        Ok(())
-        self.commit()?;
+    }
+
+    /// Return list of entries from table
+    ///
+    /// If TAKE is true, opened cursor would be write and it would delete all values from db.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn get_or_take<T: Table, const TAKE: bool>(
+        &self,
+        range: impl RangeBounds<T::Key>,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<KeyValue<T>>, DbError> {
+        if TAKE {
+            let mut cursor_write = self.cursor_write::<T>()?;
+            let mut walker = cursor_write.walk_range(range)?;
+            let mut items = Vec::new();
+            while let Some(i) = walker.next().transpose()? {
+                walker.delete_current()?;
+                items.push(i)
+            }
+            Ok(items)
+        } else {
+            self.cursor_read::<T>()?.walk_range(range)?.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get requested blocks transaction with signer
+    fn get_take_block_transaction_range<const TAKE: bool>(
+        &self,
+        range: impl RangeBounds<BlockNumber> + Clone,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<(BlockNumber, Vec<TransactionSignedEcRecovered>)>, TransactionError> {
+        // Just read block tx id from table. as it is needed to get execution results.
+        let block_bodies = self.get_or_take::<tables::BlockBodies, false>(range)?;
+
+        if block_bodies.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(Vec::new())
+        }
+
+        // iterate over and get all transaction and signers
+        let first_transaction =
+            block_bodies.first().expect("If we have headers").1.first_tx_index();
+        let last_transaction = block_bodies.last().expect("Not empty").1.last_tx_index();
+
+        let transactions =
+            self.get_or_take::<tables::Transactions, TAKE>(first_transaction..=last_transaction)?;
+        let senders =
+            self.get_or_take::<tables::TxSenders, TAKE>(first_transaction..=last_transaction)?;
+
+        if TAKE {
+            // rm TxHashNumber
+            let mut tx_hash_cursor = self.cursor_write::<tables::TxHashNumber>()?;
+            for (_, tx) in transactions.iter() {
+                if tx_hash_cursor.seek_exact(tx.hash())?.is_some() {
+                    tx_hash_cursor.delete_current()?;
+                }
+            }
+            // rm TxTransitionId
+            self.get_or_take::<tables::TxTransitionIndex, TAKE>(
+                first_transaction..=last_transaction,
+            )?;
+        }
+
+        // Merge transaction into blocks
+        let mut block_tx = Vec::new();
+        let mut senders = senders.into_iter();
+        let mut transactions = transactions.into_iter();
+        for (block_number, block_body) in block_bodies {
+            let mut one_block_tx = Vec::new();
+            for _ in block_body.tx_id_range() {
+                let tx = transactions.next();
+                let sender = senders.next();
+
+                let recovered = match (tx, sender) {
+                    (Some((tx_id, tx)), Some((sender_tx_id, sender))) => {
+                        if tx_id != sender_tx_id {
+                            Err(ProviderError::MismatchOfTransactionAndSenderId { tx_id })
+                        } else {
+                            Ok(TransactionSignedEcRecovered::from_signed_transaction(tx, sender))
+                        }
+                    }
+                    (Some((tx_id, _)), _) | (_, Some((tx_id, _))) => {
+                        Err(ProviderError::MismatchOfTransactionAndSenderId { tx_id })
+                    }
+                    (None, None) => Err(ProviderError::BlockBodyTransactionCount),
+                }?;
+                one_block_tx.push(recovered)
+            }
+            block_tx.push((block_number, one_block_tx));
+        }
+
+        Ok(block_tx)
+    }
+
+    /// Return range of blocks and its execution result
+    fn get_take_block_range<const TAKE: bool>(
+        &self,
+        chain_spec: &ChainSpec,
+        range: impl RangeBounds<BlockNumber> + Clone,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<SealedBlockWithSenders>, TransactionError> {
+        // For block we need Headers, Bodies, Uncles, withdrawals, Transactions, Signers
+
+        let block_headers = self.get_or_take::<tables::Headers, TAKE>(range.clone())?;
+        if block_headers.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(Vec::new())
+        }
+
+        let block_header_hashes =
+            self.get_or_take::<tables::CanonicalHeaders, TAKE>(range.clone())?;
+        let block_ommers = self.get_or_take::<tables::BlockOmmers, TAKE>(range.clone())?;
+        let block_withdrawals =
+            self.get_or_take::<tables::BlockWithdrawals, TAKE>(range.clone())?;
+
+        let block_tx = self.get_take_block_transaction_range::<TAKE>(range.clone())?;
+
+        if TAKE {
+            // rm HeaderTD
+            self.get_or_take::<tables::HeaderTD, TAKE>(range)?;
+            // rm HeaderNumbers
+            let mut header_number_cursor = self.cursor_write::<tables::HeaderNumbers>()?;
+            for (_, hash) in block_header_hashes.iter() {
+                if header_number_cursor.seek_exact(*hash)?.is_some() {
+                    header_number_cursor.delete_current()?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // merge all into block
+        let block_header_iter = block_headers.into_iter();
+        let block_header_hashes_iter = block_header_hashes.into_iter();
+        let block_tx_iter = block_tx.into_iter();
+
+        // can be not found in tables
+        let mut block_ommers_iter = block_ommers.into_iter();
+        let mut block_withdrawals_iter = block_withdrawals.into_iter();
+        let mut block_ommers = block_ommers_iter.next();
+        let mut block_withdrawals = block_withdrawals_iter.next();
+
+        let mut blocks = Vec::new();
+        for ((main_block_number, header), (_, header_hash), (_, tx)) in izip!(
+            block_header_iter.into_iter(),
+            block_header_hashes_iter.into_iter(),
+            block_tx_iter.into_iter()
+        ) {
+            let header = header.seal(header_hash);
+
+            let (body, senders) = tx.into_iter().map(|tx| tx.to_components()).unzip();
+
+            // Ommers can be missing
+            let mut ommers = Vec::new();
+            if let Some((block_number, _)) = block_ommers.as_ref() {
+                if *block_number == main_block_number {
+                    // Seal ommers as they dont have hash.
+                    ommers = block_ommers
+                        .take()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .1
+                        .ommers
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|h| h.seal_slow())
+                        .collect();
+                    block_ommers = block_ommers_iter.next();
+                }
+            };
+
+            // withdrawal can be missing
+            let shanghai_is_active =
+                chain_spec.fork(Hardfork::Paris).active_at_block(main_block_number);
+            let mut withdrawals = Some(Vec::new());
+            if shanghai_is_active {
+                if let Some((block_number, _)) = block_withdrawals.as_ref() {
+                    if *block_number == main_block_number {
+                        withdrawals = Some(block_withdrawals.take().unwrap().1.withdrawals);
+                        block_withdrawals = block_withdrawals_iter.next();
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                withdrawals = None
+            }
+
+            blocks.push(SealedBlockWithSenders {
+                block: SealedBlock { header, body, ommers, withdrawals },
+                senders,
+            })
+        }
+
+        Ok(blocks)
+    }
+
+    /// Transverse over changesets and plain state and recreated the execution results.
+    fn get_take_block_execution_result_range<const TAKE: bool>(
+        &self,
+        range: impl RangeBounds<BlockNumber> + Clone,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<ExecutionResult>, TransactionError> {
+        let block_transition =
+            self.get_or_take::<tables::BlockTransitionIndex, TAKE>(range.clone())?;
+
+        if block_transition.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(Vec::new())
+        }
+        // get block transitions
+        let first_block_number =
+            block_transition.first().expect("Check for empty is already done").0;
+
+        // get block transition of parent block.
+        let from = self.get_block_transition(first_block_number.saturating_sub(1))?;
+        let to = block_transition.last().expect("Check for empty is already done").1;
+
+        // NOTE: Just get block bodies dont remove them
+        // it is connection point for bodies getter and execution result getter.
+        let block_bodies = self.get_or_take::<tables::BlockBodies, false>(range)?;
+
+        // get saved previous values
+        let from_storage: TransitionIdAddress = (from, Address::zero()).into();
+        let to_storage: TransitionIdAddress = (to, Address::zero()).into();
+
+        let storage_changeset =
+            self.get_or_take::<tables::StorageChangeSet, TAKE>(from_storage..to_storage)?;
+        let account_changeset = self.get_or_take::<tables::AccountChangeSet, TAKE>(from..to)?;
+
+        // iterate previous value and get plain state value to create changeset
+        // Double option around Account represent if Account state is know (first option) and
+        // account is removed (Second Option)
+        type LocalPlainState = BTreeMap<Address, (Option<Option<Account>>, BTreeMap<H256, U256>)>;
+        type Changesets = BTreeMap<
+            TransitionId,
+            BTreeMap<Address, (AccountInfoChangeSet, BTreeMap<H256, (U256, U256)>)>,
+        >;
+
+        let mut local_plain_state: LocalPlainState = BTreeMap::new();
+
+        // iterate in reverse and get plain state.
+
+        // Bundle execution changeset to its particular transaction and block
+        let mut all_changesets: Changesets = BTreeMap::new();
+
+        let mut plain_accounts_cursor = self.cursor_write::<tables::PlainAccountState>()?;
+        let mut plain_storage_cursor = self.cursor_dup_write::<tables::PlainStorageState>()?;
+
+        // add account changeset changes
+        for (transition_id, account_before) in account_changeset.into_iter().rev() {
+            let new_info = match local_plain_state.entry(account_before.address) {
+                Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
+                    let new_account =
+                        plain_accounts_cursor.seek(account_before.address)?.map(|(_s, i)| i);
+                    entry.insert((Some(account_before.info), BTreeMap::new()));
+                    new_account
+                }
+                Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
+                    let new_account =
+                        std::mem::replace(&mut entry.get_mut().0, Some(account_before.info));
+                    new_account.expect("As we are stacking account first, account would always be Some(Some) or Some(None)")
+                }
+            };
+            let account_info_changeset = AccountInfoChangeSet::new(account_before.info, new_info);
+            // insert changeset to transition id. Multiple account for same transition Id are not
+            // possible.
+            all_changesets
+                .entry(transition_id)
+                .or_default()
+                .entry(account_before.address)
+                .or_default()
+                .0 = account_info_changeset
+        }
+
+        // add storage changeset changes
+        for (transition_and_address, storage_entry) in storage_changeset.into_iter().rev() {
+            let TransitionIdAddress((transition_id, address)) = transition_and_address;
+            let new_storage =
+                match local_plain_state.entry(address).or_default().1.entry(storage_entry.key) {
+                    Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
+                        let new_storage = plain_storage_cursor
+                            .seek_by_key_subkey(address, storage_entry.key)?
+                            .filter(|storage| storage.key == storage_entry.key)
+                            .unwrap_or_default();
+                        entry.insert(storage_entry.value);
+                        new_storage.value
+                    }
+                    Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
+                        std::mem::replace(entry.get_mut(), storage_entry.value)
+                    }
+                };
+            all_changesets
+                .entry(transition_id)
+                .or_default()
+                .entry(address)
+                .or_default()
+                .1
+                .insert(storage_entry.key, (storage_entry.value, new_storage));
+        }
+
+        if TAKE {
+            // iterate over local plain state remove all account and all storages.
+            for (address, (account, storage)) in local_plain_state.into_iter() {
+                // revert account
+                if let Some(account) = account {
+                    plain_accounts_cursor.seek_exact(address)?;
+                    if let Some(account) = account {
+                        plain_accounts_cursor.upsert(address, account)?;
+                    } else {
+                        plain_accounts_cursor.delete_current()?;
+                    }
+                }
+                // revert storages
+                for (storage_key, storage_value) in storage.into_iter() {
+                    let storage_entry = StorageEntry { key: storage_key, value: storage_value };
+                    // delete previous value
+                    if plain_storage_cursor
+                        .seek_by_key_subkey(address, storage_key)?
+                        .filter(|s| s.key == storage_key)
+                        .is_some()
+                    {
+                        plain_storage_cursor.delete_current()?
+                    }
+                    // insert value if needed
+                    if storage_value != U256::ZERO {
+                        plain_storage_cursor.insert(address, storage_entry)?;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // NOTE: Some storage changesets can be empty,
+        // all account changeset have at least beneficiary fee transfer.
+
+        // iterate over block body and create ExecutionResult
+        let mut block_exec_results = Vec::new();
+
+        let mut changeset_iter = all_changesets.into_iter();
+        let mut block_transition_iter = block_transition.into_iter();
+        let mut next_transition_id = from;
+
+        let mut next_changeset = changeset_iter.next().unwrap_or_default();
+        // loop break if we are at the end of the blocks.
+        for (_, block_body) in block_bodies.into_iter() {
+            let mut block_exec_res = ExecutionResult::default();
+            for _ in 0..block_body.tx_count {
+                // only if next_changeset
+                let changeset = if next_transition_id == next_changeset.0 {
+                    let changeset = next_changeset
+                        .1
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|(address, (account, storage))| {
+                            (
+                                address,
+                                AccountChangeSet {
+                                    account,
+                                    storage: storage
+                                        .into_iter()
+                                        .map(|(key, val)| (U256::from_be_bytes(key.0), val))
+                                        .collect(),
+                                    wipe_storage: false, /* it is always false as all storage
+                                                          * changesets for selfdestruct are
+                                                          * already accounted. */
+                                },
+                            )
+                        })
+                        .collect();
+                    next_changeset = changeset_iter.next().unwrap_or_default();
+                    changeset
+                } else {
+                    BTreeMap::new()
+                };
+
+                next_transition_id += 1;
+                block_exec_res.tx_changesets.push(TransactionChangeSet {
+                    receipt: Receipt::default(), /* TODO(receipt) when they are saved, load them
+                                                  * from db */
+                    changeset,
+                    new_bytecodes: Default::default(), /* TODO(bytecode), bytecode is not cleared
+                                                        * so it is same sa previous. */
+                });
+            }
+
+            let Some((_,block_transition)) = block_transition_iter.next() else { break};
+            // if block transition points to 1+next transition id it means that there is block
+            // changeset.
+            if block_transition == next_transition_id + 1 {
+                // assert last_transition_id == block_transition
+                if next_transition_id == next_changeset.0 {
+                    // take block changeset
+                    block_exec_res.block_changesets = next_changeset
+                        .1
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|(address, (account, _))| (address, account))
+                        .collect();
+                    next_changeset = changeset_iter.next().unwrap_or_default();
+                }
+                next_transition_id += 1;
+            }
+            block_exec_results.push(block_exec_res)
+        }
+        Ok(block_exec_results)
+    }
+
+    /// Return range of blocks and its execution result
+    pub fn get_take_block_and_execution_range<const TAKE: bool>(
+        &self,
+        chain_spec: &ChainSpec,
+        range: impl RangeBounds<BlockNumber> + Clone,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<(SealedBlockWithSenders, ExecutionResult)>, TransactionError> {
+        if TAKE {
+            let (from_transition, parent_number, parent_state_root) = match range.start_bound() {
+                Bound::Included(n) => {
+                    let parent_number = n.saturating_sub(1);
+                    let transition = self.get_block_transition(parent_number)?;
+                    let parent = self.get_header(parent_number)?;
+                    (transition, parent_number, parent.state_root)
+                }
+                Bound::Excluded(n) => {
+                    let transition = self.get_block_transition(*n)?;
+                    let parent = self.get_header(*n)?;
+                    (transition, *n, parent.state_root)
+                }
+                Bound::Unbounded => (0, 0, EMPTY_ROOT),
+            };
+            let to_transition = match range.end_bound() {
+                Bound::Included(n) => self.get_block_transition(*n)?,
+                Bound::Excluded(n) => self.get_block_transition(n.saturating_sub(1))?,
+                Bound::Unbounded => TransitionId::MAX,
+            };
+
+            let transition_range = from_transition..to_transition;
+            let zero = Address::zero();
+            let transition_storage_range =
+                (from_transition, zero).into()..(to_transition, zero).into();
+
+            self.unwind_account_hashing(transition_range.clone())?;
+            self.unwind_account_history_indices(transition_range.clone())?;
+            self.unwind_storage_hashing(transition_storage_range.clone())?;
+            self.unwind_storage_history_indices(transition_storage_range)?;
+
+            // merkle tree
+            let new_state_root;
+            {
+                let (tip_number, _) =
+                    self.cursor_read::<tables::CanonicalHeaders>()?.last()?.unwrap_or_default();
+                let current_root = self.get_header(tip_number)?.state_root;
+                let mut loader = DBTrieLoader::new(self.deref());
+                new_state_root =
+                    loader.update_root(current_root, transition_range).and_then(|e| e.root())?;
+            }
+            // state root should be always correct as we are reverting state.
+            // but for sake of double verification we will check it again.
+            if new_state_root != parent_state_root {
+                let parent_hash = self.get_block_hash(parent_number)?;
+                return Err(TransactionError::StateTrieRootMismatch {
+                    got: new_state_root,
+                    expected: parent_state_root,
+                    block_number: parent_number,
+                    block_hash: parent_hash,
+                })
+            }
+        }
+        // get blocks
+        let blocks = self.get_take_block_range::<TAKE>(chain_spec, range.clone())?;
+        // get execution res
+        let execution_res = self.get_take_block_execution_result_range::<TAKE>(range.clone())?;
+        // combine them
+        let blocks_with_exec_result: Vec<_> =
+            blocks.into_iter().zip(execution_res.into_iter()).collect();
+
+        // remove block bodies it is needed for both get block range and get block execution results
+        // that is why it is deleted afterwards.
+        if TAKE {
+            // rm block bodies
+            self.get_or_take::<tables::BlockBodies, TAKE>(range)?;
+        }
+
+        // return them
+        Ok(blocks_with_exec_result)
+    }
+
+    /// Update all pipeline sync stage progress.
+    pub fn update_pipeline_stages(
+        &self,
+        block_number: BlockNumber,
+    ) -> Result<(), TransactionError> {
+        // iterate over
+        let mut cursor = self.cursor_write::<tables::SyncStage>()?;
+        while let Some((stage_name, _)) = cursor.next()? {
+            cursor.upsert(stage_name, block_number)?
+        }
+
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -741,6 +1466,90 @@ where
         }
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    /// Return full table as Vec
+    pub fn table<T: Table>(&self) -> Result<Vec<KeyValue<T>>, DbError>
+    where
+        T::Key: Default + Ord,
+    {
+        self.cursor_read::<T>()?.walk(Some(T::Key::default()))?.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, DbError>>()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Unwind all history shards. For boundary shard, remove it from database and
+/// return last part of shard with still valid items. If all full shard were removed, return list
+/// would be empty.
+fn unwind_account_history_shards<DB: Database>(
+    cursor: &mut <<DB as DatabaseGAT<'_>>::TXMut as DbTxMutGAT<'_>>::CursorMut<
+        tables::AccountHistory,
+    >,
+    address: Address,
+    transition_id: TransitionId,
+) -> Result<Vec<usize>, TransactionError> {
+    let mut item = cursor.seek_exact(ShardedKey::new(address, u64::MAX))?;
+
+    while let Some((sharded_key, list)) = item {
+        // there is no more shard for address
+        if sharded_key.key != address {
+            break
+        }
+        cursor.delete_current()?;
+        // check first item and if it is more and eq than `transition_id` delete current
+        // item.
+        let first = list.iter(0).next().expect("List can't empty");
+        if first >= transition_id as usize {
+            item = cursor.prev()?;
+            continue
+        } else if transition_id <= sharded_key.highest_transition_id {
+            // if first element is in scope whole list would be removed.
+            // so at least this first element is present.
+            return Ok(list.iter(0).take_while(|i| *i < transition_id as usize).collect::<Vec<_>>())
+        } else {
+            let new_list = list.iter(0).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            return Ok(new_list)
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(Vec::new())
+}
+
+/// Unwind all history shards. For boundary shard, remove it from database and
+/// return last part of shard with still valid items. If all full shard were removed, return list
+/// would be empty but this does not mean that there is none shard left but that there is no
+/// splitted shards.
+fn unwind_storage_history_shards<DB: Database>(
+    cursor: &mut <<DB as DatabaseGAT<'_>>::TXMut as DbTxMutGAT<'_>>::CursorMut<
+        tables::StorageHistory,
+    >,
+    address: Address,
+    storage_key: H256,
+    transition_id: TransitionId,
+) -> Result<Vec<usize>, TransactionError> {
+    let mut item = cursor.seek_exact(StorageShardedKey::new(address, storage_key, u64::MAX))?;
+
+    while let Some((storage_sharded_key, list)) = item {
+        // there is no more shard for address
+        if storage_sharded_key.address != address ||
+            storage_sharded_key.sharded_key.key != storage_key
+        {
+            // there is no more shard for address and storage_key.
+            break
+        }
+        cursor.delete_current()?;
+        // check first item and if it is more and eq than `transition_id` delete current
+        // item.
+        let first = list.iter(0).next().expect("List can't empty");
+        if first >= transition_id as usize {
+            item = cursor.prev()?;
+            continue
+        } else if transition_id <= storage_sharded_key.sharded_key.highest_transition_id {
+            // if first element is in scope whole list would be removed.
+            // so at least this first element is present.
+            return Ok(list.iter(0).take_while(|i| *i < transition_id as usize).collect::<Vec<_>>())
+        } else {
+            return Ok(list.iter(0).collect::<Vec<_>>())
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(Vec::new())
 }
 
 /// An error that can occur when using the transaction container
@@ -756,7 +1565,7 @@ pub enum TransactionError {
     #[error("Merkle trie calculation error: {0}")]
     MerkleTrie(#[from] TrieError),
     /// Root mismatch
-    #[error("Merkle trie root mismatch on block: #{block_number:?} {block_hash:?}. got: {got:?} expected:{got:?}")]
+    #[error("Merkle trie root mismatch on block: #{block_number:?} {block_hash:?}. got: {got:?} expected:{expected:?}")]
     StateTrieRootMismatch {
         /// Expected root
         expected: H256,
@@ -768,3 +1577,69 @@ pub enum TransactionError {
         block_hash: BlockHash,
     },
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use crate::{insert_canonical_block, test_utils::blocks::*, Transaction};
+    use reth_db::{mdbx::test_utils::create_test_rw_db, tables, transaction::DbTxMut};
+    use reth_primitives::{proofs::EMPTY_ROOT, ChainSpecBuilder, MAINNET};
+    use std::ops::DerefMut;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn insert_get_take() {
+        let db = create_test_rw_db();
+
+        // setup
+        let mut tx = Transaction::new(db.as_ref()).unwrap();
+        let chain_spec = ChainSpecBuilder::default()
+            .chain(MAINNET.chain)
+            .genesis(MAINNET.genesis.clone())
+            .shanghai_activated()
+            .build();
+
+        let data = BlockChainTestData::default();
+        let genesis = data.genesis.clone();
+        let (block1, exec_res1) = data.blocks[0].clone();
+        let (block2, exec_res2) = data.blocks[1].clone();
+
+        insert_canonical_block(tx.deref_mut(), data.genesis.clone(), None, false).unwrap();
+
+        tx.put::<tables::AccountsTrie>(EMPTY_ROOT, vec![0x80]).unwrap();
+        assert_genesis_block(&tx, data.genesis.clone());
+
+        tx.insert_block(block1.clone(), &chain_spec, exec_res1.clone()).unwrap();
+
+        // get one block
+        let get = tx.get_block_and_execution_range(&chain_spec, 1..=1).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(get, vec![(block1.clone(), exec_res1.clone())]);
+
+        // take one block
+        let take = tx.take_block_and_execution_range(&chain_spec, 1..=1).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(take, vec![(block1.clone(), exec_res1.clone())]);
+        assert_genesis_block(&tx, genesis.clone());
+
+        tx.insert_block(block1.clone(), &chain_spec, exec_res1.clone()).unwrap();
+        tx.insert_block(block2.clone(), &chain_spec, exec_res2.clone()).unwrap();
+
+        // get second block
+        let get = tx.get_block_and_execution_range(&chain_spec, 2..=2).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(get, vec![(block2.clone(), exec_res2.clone())]);
+
+        // get two blocks
+        let get = tx.get_block_and_execution_range(&chain_spec, 1..=2).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            get,
+            vec![(block1.clone(), exec_res1.clone()), (block2.clone(), exec_res2.clone())]
+        );
+
+        // take two blocks
+        let get = tx.take_block_and_execution_range(&chain_spec, 1..=2).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            get,
+            vec![(block1.clone(), exec_res1.clone()), (block2.clone(), exec_res2.clone())]
+        );
+
+        // assert genesis state
+        assert_genesis_block(&tx, genesis);
+    }
+}

crates/storage/provider/src/trie/mod.rs

@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ pub enum TrieError {
     InternalError(#[from] cita_trie::TrieError),
     /// The database doesn't contain the root of the trie.
     #[error("The root node wasn't found in the DB")]
-    MissingRoot(H256),
+    MissingAccountRoot(H256),
+    #[error("The storage root node wasn't found in the DB")]
+    MissingStorageRoot(H256),
     /// Error returned by the database.
     #[error("{0:?}")]
     DatabaseError(#[from] reth_db::Error),
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ where
         if root == EMPTY_ROOT {
             return Self::new(tx)
         }
-        tx.get::<tables::AccountsTrie>(root)?.ok_or(TrieError::MissingRoot(root))?;
+        tx.get::<tables::AccountsTrie>(root)?.ok_or(TrieError::MissingAccountRoot(root))?;
         Ok(Self { tx })
     }
 }
@@ -204,7 +206,7 @@ where
         tx.cursor_dup_read::<tables::StoragesTrie>()?
             .seek_by_key_subkey(key, root)?
             .filter(|entry| entry.hash == root)
-            .ok_or(TrieError::MissingRoot(root))?;
+            .ok_or(TrieError::MissingStorageRoot(root))?;
         Ok(Self { tx, key })
     }
 }
@@ -254,7 +256,7 @@ where
 impl<'tx, 'itx, TX: DbTx<'itx>> HashDatabase<'tx, 'itx, TX> {
     /// Instantiates a new Database for the accounts trie, with an existing root
     fn from_root(tx: &'tx TX, root: H256) -> Result<Self, TrieError> {
-        tx.get::<tables::AccountsTrie>(root)?.ok_or(TrieError::MissingRoot(root))?;
+        tx.get::<tables::AccountsTrie>(root)?.ok_or(TrieError::MissingAccountRoot(root))?;
         Ok(Self { tx, _p: Default::default() })
     }
 }
@@ -307,7 +309,7 @@ impl<'tx, 'itx, TX: DbTx<'itx>> DupHashDatabase<'tx, 'itx, TX> {
     fn from_root(tx: &'tx TX, key: H256, root: H256) -> Result<Self, TrieError> {
         tx.cursor_dup_read::<tables::StoragesTrie>()?
             .seek_by_key_subkey(key, root)?
-            .ok_or(TrieError::MissingRoot(root))?;
+            .ok_or(TrieError::MissingAccountRoot(root))?;
         Ok(Self { tx, key, _p: Default::default() })
     }
 }

crates/storage/provider/src/utils.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use reth_db::{
     transaction::{DbTx, DbTxMut},
 };
 use reth_interfaces::{provider::ProviderError, Result};
-use reth_primitives::{SealedBlock, TransitionId, U256};
+use reth_primitives::{Address, SealedBlock, TransitionId};
 
 /// Insert block data into corresponding tables. Used mainly for testing & internal tooling.
 ///
@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@ use reth_primitives::{SealedBlock, TransitionId, U256};
 /// Return [TransitionId] `(from,to)`
 pub fn insert_block<'a, TX: DbTxMut<'a> + DbTx<'a>>(
     tx: &TX,
-    block: &SealedBlock,
+    block: SealedBlock,
+    senders: Option<Vec<Address>>,
     has_block_reward: bool,
     parent_tx_num_transition_id: Option<(u64, u64)>,
 ) -> Result<(TransitionId, TransitionId)> {
+    let block_number = block.number;
     tx.put::<tables::CanonicalHeaders>(block.number, block.hash())?;
     // Put header with canonical hashes.
     tx.put::<tables::Headers>(block.number, block.header.as_ref().clone())?;
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ pub fn insert_block<'a, TX: DbTxMut<'a> + DbTx<'a>>(
 
     // total difficulty
     let ttd = if block.number == 0 {
-        U256::ZERO
+        block.difficulty
     } else {
         let parent_block_number = block.number - 1;
         let parent_ttd = tx.get::<tables::HeaderTD>(parent_block_number)?.unwrap_or_default();
@@ -68,11 +70,24 @@ pub fn insert_block<'a, TX: DbTxMut<'a> + DbTx<'a>>(
         StoredBlockBody { start_tx_id: current_tx_id, tx_count: block.body.len() as u64 },
     )?;
 
-    for transaction in block.body.iter() {
+    let senders_len = senders.as_ref().map(|s| s.len());
-        let rec_tx = transaction.clone().into_ecrecovered().unwrap();
+    let tx_iter = if Some(block.body.len()) == senders_len {
-        let hash = rec_tx.hash();
+        block.body.into_iter().zip(senders.unwrap().into_iter()).collect::<Vec<(_, _)>>()
-        tx.put::<tables::TxSenders>(current_tx_id, rec_tx.signer())?;
+    } else {
-        tx.put::<tables::Transactions>(current_tx_id, rec_tx.into())?;
+        block
+            .body
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|tx| {
+                let signer = tx.recover_signer();
+                (tx, signer.unwrap_or_default())
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<(_, _)>>()
+    };
+
+    for (transaction, sender) in tx_iter {
+        let hash = transaction.hash();
+        tx.put::<tables::TxSenders>(current_tx_id, sender)?;
+        tx.put::<tables::Transactions>(current_tx_id, transaction)?;
         tx.put::<tables::TxTransitionIndex>(current_tx_id, transition_id)?;
         tx.put::<tables::TxHashNumber>(hash, current_tx_id)?;
         transition_id += 1;
@@ -80,11 +95,11 @@ pub fn insert_block<'a, TX: DbTxMut<'a> + DbTx<'a>>(
     }
 
     let mut has_withdrawals = false;
-    if let Some(withdrawals) = block.withdrawals.clone() {
+    if let Some(withdrawals) = block.withdrawals {
         if !withdrawals.is_empty() {
             has_withdrawals = true;
             tx.put::<tables::BlockWithdrawals>(
-                block.number,
+                block_number,
                 StoredBlockWithdrawals { withdrawals },
             )?;
         }
@@ -93,7 +108,7 @@ pub fn insert_block<'a, TX: DbTxMut<'a> + DbTx<'a>>(
     if has_block_reward || has_withdrawals {
         transition_id += 1;
     }
-    tx.put::<tables::BlockTransitionIndex>(block.number, transition_id)?;
+    tx.put::<tables::BlockTransitionIndex>(block_number, transition_id)?;
 
     let to_transition = transition_id;
     Ok((from_transition, to_transition))
@@ -103,8 +118,9 @@ pub fn insert_block<'a, TX: DbTxMut<'a> + DbTx<'a>>(
 /// parent block in database.
 pub fn insert_canonical_block<'a, TX: DbTxMut<'a> + DbTx<'a>>(
     tx: &TX,
-    block: &SealedBlock,
+    block: SealedBlock,
+    senders: Option<Vec<Address>>,
     has_block_reward: bool,
 ) -> Result<(TransitionId, TransitionId)> {
-    insert_block(tx, block, has_block_reward, None)
+    insert_block(tx, block, senders, has_block_reward, None)
 }