headers(part1) feat(interfaces): introduce implicit trait bounds (#117)

* feat(ifaces): modify DB GAT to have implicit bounds

https://sabrinajewson.org/blog/the-better-alternative-to-lifetime-gats\#the-better-gats

* test(ifaces): impl new trait for mock

* feat(ifaces): impl db container

we use that downstream to avoid consuming the db transactions
when committing a stage

* fix(test): explicitly define lifetime

* test: ensure can spawn

* test: pls review

* chore: lints/warnings

* feat(db): impl the new gats

* test(db): try to make real db work with gats like in stages

* test(db): make Stage trait take DBContainer

otherwise we cannot call db.commit()
gst

* feat(stages): impl new traits

* chore(db): cleanup tests

* chore: remove unused imports

Cargo.lock

@@ -2413,6 +2413,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 name = "reth-db"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "async-trait",
  "bytes",
  "criterion",
  "eyre",
@@ -2427,6 +2428,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tempfile",
  "test-fuzz",
  "thiserror",
+ "tokio",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

crates/db/Cargo.toml

@@ -30,8 +30,10 @@ tempfile = "3.3.0"
 test-fuzz = "3.0.4"
 criterion = "0.4.0"
 iai = "0.1.1"
+tokio = { version = "1.21.2", features = ["full"] }
 
 reth-interfaces = { path = "../interfaces",features=["bench"] }
+async-trait = "0.1.58"
 
 [features]
 test-utils = ["tempfile"]
@@ -44,4 +46,4 @@ harness = false
 
 [[bench]]
 name = "encoding_iai"
-harness = false
+harness = false

crates/db/src/kv/mod.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use libmdbx::{
 };
 use reth_interfaces::db::{
     tables::{TableType, TABLES},
-    Database, Error,
+    Database, DatabaseGAT, Error,
 };
 use std::{ops::Deref, path::Path};
 
@@ -32,15 +32,17 @@ pub struct Env<E: EnvironmentKind> {
     pub inner: Environment<E>,
 }
 
-impl<E: EnvironmentKind> Database for Env<E> {
+impl<'a, E: EnvironmentKind> DatabaseGAT<'a> for Env<E> {
-    type TX<'a> = tx::Tx<'a, RO, E>;
+    type TX = tx::Tx<'a, RO, E>;
-    type TXMut<'a> = tx::Tx<'a, RW, E>;
+    type TXMut = tx::Tx<'a, RW, E>;
+}
 
-    fn tx(&self) -> Result<Self::TX<'_>, Error> {
+impl<E: EnvironmentKind> Database for Env<E> {
+    fn tx(&self) -> Result<<Self as DatabaseGAT<'_>>::TX, Error> {
         Ok(Tx::new(self.inner.begin_ro_txn().map_err(|e| Error::Internal(e.into()))?))
     }
 
-    fn tx_mut(&self) -> Result<Self::TXMut<'_>, Error> {
+    fn tx_mut(&self) -> Result<<Self as DatabaseGAT<'_>>::TXMut, Error> {
         Ok(Tx::new(self.inner.begin_rw_txn().map_err(|e| Error::Internal(e.into()))?))
     }
 }
@@ -204,3 +206,36 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(result == Some(value))
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+// This ensures that we can use the GATs in the downstream staged exec pipeline.
+mod gat_tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use reth_interfaces::db::{mock::DatabaseMock, DBContainer};
+
+    #[async_trait::async_trait]
+    trait Stage<DB: Database> {
+        async fn run(&mut self, db: &mut DBContainer<'_, DB>) -> ();
+    }
+
+    struct MyStage<'a, DB>(&'a DB);
+
+    #[async_trait::async_trait]
+    impl<'c, DB: Database> Stage<DB> for MyStage<'c, DB> {
+        async fn run(&mut self, db: &mut DBContainer<'_, DB>) -> () {
+            let _tx = db.commit().unwrap();
+            ()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic] // no tokio runtime configured
+    fn can_spawn() {
+        let db = DatabaseMock::default();
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let mut container = DBContainer::new(&db).unwrap();
+            let mut stage = MyStage(&db);
+            let _ = stage.run(&mut container);
+        });
+    }
+}

crates/interfaces/Cargo.toml

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ parity-scale-codec = { version = "3.2.1", features = ["bytes"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 test-fuzz = "3.0.4"
+tokio = { version = "1.21.2", features = ["full"] }
 
 [features]
-bench = []
+bench = []

crates/interfaces/src/db/container.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+use crate::db::{Database, DatabaseGAT, DbTx, Error};
+
+/// A container for any DB transaction that will open a new inner transaction when the current
+/// one is committed.
+// NOTE: This container is needed since `Transaction::commit` takes `mut self`, so methods in
+// the pipeline that just take a reference will not be able to commit their transaction and let
+// the pipeline continue. Is there a better way to do this?
+pub struct DBContainer<'this, DB: Database> {
+    /// A handle to the DB.
+    pub(crate) db: &'this DB,
+    tx: Option<<DB as DatabaseGAT<'this>>::TXMut>,
+}
+
+impl<'this, DB> DBContainer<'this, DB>
+where
+    DB: Database,
+{
+    /// Create a new container with the given database handle.
+    ///
+    /// A new inner transaction will be opened.
+    pub fn new(db: &'this DB) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        Ok(Self { db, tx: Some(db.tx_mut()?) })
+    }
+
+    /// Commit the current inner transaction and open a new one.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if an inner transaction does not exist. This should never be the case unless
+    /// [DBContainer::close] was called without following up with a call to [DBContainer::open].
+    pub fn commit(&mut self) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+        let success =
+            self.tx.take().expect("Tried committing a non-existent transaction").commit()?;
+        self.tx = Some(self.db.tx_mut()?);
+        Ok(success)
+    }
+
+    /// Get the inner transaction.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if an inner transaction does not exist. This should never be the case unless
+    /// [DBContainer::close] was called without following up with a call to [DBContainer::open].
+    pub fn get(&self) -> &<DB as DatabaseGAT<'this>>::TXMut {
+        self.tx.as_ref().expect("Tried getting a reference to a non-existent transaction")
+    }
+
+    /// Get a mutable reference to the inner transaction.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if an inner transaction does not exist. This should never be the case unless
+    /// [DBContainer::close] was called without following up with a call to [DBContainer::open].
+    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut <DB as DatabaseGAT<'this>>::TXMut {
+        self.tx.as_mut().expect("Tried getting a mutable reference to a non-existent transaction")
+    }
+
+    /// Open a new inner transaction.
+    pub fn open(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.tx = Some(self.db.tx_mut()?);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Close the current inner transaction.
+    pub fn close(&mut self) {
+        self.tx.take();
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+// This ensures that we can use the GATs in the downstream staged exec pipeline.
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::db::mock::DatabaseMock;
+
+    #[async_trait::async_trait]
+    trait Stage<DB: Database> {
+        async fn run(&mut self, db: &mut DBContainer<'_, DB>) -> ();
+    }
+
+    struct MyStage<'a, DB>(&'a DB);
+
+    #[async_trait::async_trait]
+    impl<'a, DB: Database> Stage<DB> for MyStage<'a, DB> {
+        async fn run(&mut self, db: &mut DBContainer<'_, DB>) -> () {
+            let _tx = db.commit().unwrap();
+            ()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic] // no tokio runtime configured
+    fn can_spawn() {
+        let db = DatabaseMock::default();
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let mut container = DBContainer::new(&db).unwrap();
+            let mut stage = MyStage(&db);
+            let _ = stage.run(&mut container);
+        });
+    }
+}

crates/interfaces/src/db/mock.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
 use super::{
-    Database, DbCursorRO, DbCursorRW, DbDupCursorRO, DbDupCursorRW, DbTx, DbTxMut, DupSort, Table,
+    Database, DatabaseGAT, DbCursorRO, DbCursorRW, DbDupCursorRO, DbDupCursorRW, DbTx, DbTxMut,
+    DupSort, Table,
 };
 
 /// Mock database used for testing with inner BTreeMap structure
@@ -14,19 +15,21 @@ pub struct DatabaseMock {
 }
 
 impl Database for DatabaseMock {
-    type TX<'a> = TxMock;
+    fn tx(&self) -> Result<<Self as DatabaseGAT<'_>>::TX, super::Error> {
-
-    type TXMut<'a> = TxMock;
-
-    fn tx(&self) -> Result<Self::TX<'_>, super::Error> {
         Ok(TxMock::default())
     }
 
-    fn tx_mut(&self) -> Result<Self::TXMut<'_>, super::Error> {
+    fn tx_mut(&self) -> Result<<Self as DatabaseGAT<'_>>::TXMut, super::Error> {
         Ok(TxMock::default())
     }
 }
 
+impl<'a> DatabaseGAT<'a> for DatabaseMock {
+    type TX = TxMock;
+
+    type TXMut = TxMock;
+}
+
 /// Mock read only tx
 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub struct TxMock {

crates/interfaces/src/db/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pub mod codecs;
+mod container;
 mod error;
 pub mod mock;
 pub mod models;
@@ -8,26 +9,40 @@ pub mod tables;
 pub use error::Error;
 pub use table::*;
 
-/// Main Database trait that spawns transactions to be executed.
+pub use container::DBContainer;
-pub trait Database {
+
+// Sealed trait helper to prevent misuse of the API.
+mod sealed {
+    pub trait Sealed: Sized {}
+    pub struct Bounds<T>(T);
+    impl<T> Sealed for Bounds<T> {}
+}
+use sealed::{Bounds, Sealed};
+
+/// Implements the GAT method from:
+/// https://sabrinajewson.org/blog/the-better-alternative-to-lifetime-gats#the-better-gats.
+///
+/// Sealed trait which cannot be implemented by 3rd parties, exposed only for implementers
+pub trait DatabaseGAT<'a, __ImplicitBounds: Sealed = Bounds<&'a Self>>: Send + Sync {
     /// RO database transaction
-    type TX<'a>: DbTx<'a> + Send + Sync
+    type TX: DbTx<'a> + Send + Sync;
-    where
-        Self: 'a;
     /// RW database transaction
-    type TXMut<'a>: DbTxMut<'a> + DbTx<'a> + Send + Sync
+    type TXMut: DbTxMut<'a> + DbTx<'a> + Send + Sync;
-    where
+}
-        Self: 'a;
+
+/// Main Database trait that spawns transactions to be executed.
+pub trait Database: for<'a> DatabaseGAT<'a> {
     /// Create read only transaction.
-    fn tx(&self) -> Result<Self::TX<'_>, Error>;
+    fn tx(&self) -> Result<<Self as DatabaseGAT<'_>>::TX, Error>;
+
     /// Create read write transaction only possible if database is open with write access.
-    fn tx_mut(&self) -> Result<Self::TXMut<'_>, Error>;
+    fn tx_mut(&self) -> Result<<Self as DatabaseGAT<'_>>::TXMut, Error>;
 
     /// Takes a function and passes a read-only transaction into it, making sure it's closed in the
     /// end of the execution.
     fn view<T, F>(&self, f: F) -> Result<T, Error>
     where
-        F: Fn(&Self::TX<'_>) -> T,
+        F: Fn(&<Self as DatabaseGAT<'_>>::TX) -> T,
     {
         let tx = self.tx()?;
 
@@ -41,7 +56,7 @@ pub trait Database {
     /// the end of the execution.
     fn update<T, F>(&self, f: F) -> Result<T, Error>
     where
-        F: Fn(&Self::TXMut<'_>) -> T,
+        F: Fn(&<Self as DatabaseGAT<'_>>::TXMut) -> T,
     {
         let tx = self.tx_mut()?;
 

crates/stages/src/pipeline.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::{
     error::*, util::opt::MaybeSender, ExecInput, ExecOutput, Stage, StageError, StageId,
     UnwindInput,
 };
-use reth_interfaces::db::{Database, DbTx};
+use reth_interfaces::db::{DBContainer, Database, DbTx};
 use reth_primitives::BlockNumber;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use tokio::sync::mpsc::Sender;
@@ -218,13 +218,14 @@ impl<DB: Database> Pipeline<DB> {
         };
 
         // Unwind stages in reverse order of priority (i.e. higher priority = first)
-        let tx = db.tx_mut()?;
+        let mut db = DBContainer::new(db)?;
+
         for (_, QueuedStage { stage, .. }) in unwind_pipeline.iter_mut() {
             let stage_id = stage.id();
             let span = info_span!("Unwinding", stage = %stage_id);
             let _enter = span.enter();
 
-            let mut stage_progress = stage_id.get_progress(&tx)?.unwrap_or_default();
+            let mut stage_progress = stage_id.get_progress(db.get())?.unwrap_or_default();
             if stage_progress < to {
                 debug!(from = %stage_progress, %to, "Unwind point too far for stage");
                 self.events_sender.send(PipelineEvent::Skipped { stage_id }).await?;
@@ -236,11 +237,11 @@ impl<DB: Database> Pipeline<DB> {
                 let input = UnwindInput { stage_progress, unwind_to: to, bad_block };
                 self.events_sender.send(PipelineEvent::Unwinding { stage_id, input }).await?;
 
-                let output = stage.unwind(&tx, input).await;
+                let output = stage.unwind(&mut db, input).await;
                 match output {
                     Ok(unwind_output) => {
                         stage_progress = unwind_output.stage_progress;
-                        stage_id.save_progress(&tx, stage_progress)?;
+                        stage_id.save_progress(db.get(), stage_progress)?;
 
                         self.events_sender
                             .send(PipelineEvent::Unwound { stage_id, result: unwind_output })
@@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ impl<DB: Database> Pipeline<DB> {
             }
         }
 
-        tx.commit()?;
+        db.commit()?;
         Ok(())
     }
 }
@@ -288,10 +289,10 @@ impl<DB: Database> QueuedStage<DB> {
             return Ok(ControlFlow::Continue)
         }
 
-        let mut tx = db.tx_mut()?;
-
         loop {
-            let prev_progress = stage_id.get_progress(&tx)?;
+            let mut db = DBContainer::new(db)?;
+
+            let prev_progress = stage_id.get_progress(db.get())?;
 
             let stage_reached_max_block = prev_progress
                 .zip(state.max_block)
@@ -312,12 +313,12 @@ impl<DB: Database> QueuedStage<DB> {
 
             match self
                 .stage
-                .execute(&tx, ExecInput { previous_stage, stage_progress: prev_progress })
+                .execute(&mut db, ExecInput { previous_stage, stage_progress: prev_progress })
                 .await
             {
                 Ok(out @ ExecOutput { stage_progress, done, reached_tip }) => {
                     debug!(stage = %stage_id, %stage_progress, %done, "Stage made progress");
-                    stage_id.save_progress(&tx, stage_progress)?;
+                    stage_id.save_progress(db.get(), stage_progress)?;
 
                     state
                         .events_sender
@@ -325,9 +326,7 @@ impl<DB: Database> QueuedStage<DB> {
                         .await?;
 
                     // TODO: Make the commit interval configurable
-                    tx.commit()?;
+                    db.commit()?;
-                    // create new mut transaction.
-                    tx = db.tx_mut()?;
 
                     state.record_progress_outliers(stage_progress);
                     state.set_reached_tip(reached_tip);
@@ -755,9 +754,9 @@ mod tests {
                 self.id
             }
 
-            async fn execute<'db>(
+            async fn execute(
                 &mut self,
-                _: &DB::TXMut<'db>,
+                _: &mut DBContainer<'_, DB>,
                 _input: ExecInput,
             ) -> Result<ExecOutput, StageError> {
                 self.exec_outputs
@@ -765,9 +764,9 @@ mod tests {
                     .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Test stage {} executed too many times.", self.id))
             }
 
-            async fn unwind<'db>(
+            async fn unwind(
                 &mut self,
-                _: &DB::TXMut<'db>,
+                _: &mut DBContainer<'_, DB>,
                 _input: UnwindInput,
             ) -> Result<UnwindOutput, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
                 self.unwind_outputs

crates/stages/src/stage.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{error::StageError, id::StageId};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
-use reth_interfaces::db::Database;
+use reth_interfaces::db::{DBContainer, Database};
 use reth_primitives::BlockNumber;
 
 /// Stage execution input, see [Stage::execute].
@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ pub struct UnwindOutput {
 /// ([Stage::execute]) and a way to "roll back" ([Stage::unwind]).
 ///
 /// Stages are executed as part of a pipeline where they are executed serially.
+///
+/// Stages receive a [`DBContainer`] which manages the lifecycle of a transaction, such
+/// as when to commit / reopen a new one etc.
 #[async_trait]
 pub trait Stage<DB: Database>: Send + Sync {
     /// Get the ID of the stage.
@@ -58,16 +61,16 @@ pub trait Stage<DB: Database>: Send + Sync {
     fn id(&self) -> StageId;
 
     /// Execute the stage.
-    async fn execute<'db>(
+    async fn execute(
         &mut self,
-        tx: &DB::TXMut<'db>,
+        db: &mut DBContainer<'_, DB>,
         input: ExecInput,
     ) -> Result<ExecOutput, StageError>;
 
     /// Unwind the stage.
-    async fn unwind<'db>(
+    async fn unwind(
         &mut self,
-        tx: &DB::TXMut<'db>,
+        db: &mut DBContainer<'_, DB>,
         input: UnwindInput,
     ) -> Result<UnwindOutput, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>;
 }